【作者】 张琴；

【导师】 汪志辉； 刘磊；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以5年生‘春见’柑橘为研究对象,分别在2021、2022年的春季（1月15日）采果后和秋季（9月15日）两个生长时期施用有机肥,连续施肥两年。通过研究不同时期施用有机肥对果园土壤理化性质、‘春见’春、秋梢性状、叶片养分状况、果实产量及品质的影响,明确施用有机肥对果园土壤性质及柑橘生长的影响,确定柑橘在生长过程中有机肥最佳的施用时期,从而为有效改善果园土质、提高果实产量及品质提供理论与实践依据。研究结果如下:（1）在有机肥施用量相同情况下,相较于春季施肥处理,秋季施肥处理的土壤p H和有机质含量显著增加;秋季施肥15 kg/株时,土壤有机质含量最高为36.78 g.kg^-1.。在同一施肥时期下,随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤养分如速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮等均有提升。（2）有机肥施用量相同情况下,秋季施肥处理‘春见’柑橘春秋梢的长度、发梢数、茎粗、节数均显著高于春季施肥处理,秋季施肥15 kg/株时,春梢叶面积最高为22.32 cm²,长度最长为19.10 cm,发梢数最多为370.23个,说明秋季施用有机肥有利于促进‘春见’的花芽分化。（3）秋季施肥处理下果实产量显著高于春季施肥处理,对照组果实产量最低。秋季施肥15 kg/株处理产量最高为23.56 kg/株。在同一施肥时期下,有机肥施用量对于‘春见’果实成熟期无显著影响,对‘春见’成熟期的单果重有显著增加的影响。（4）有机肥施肥时期和施用量均对‘春见’的单果重、果实纵径、横径、果形指数等外观品质有显著影响,其中秋季施肥15 kg/株处理下果实的果形指数最高为0.92;秋季施肥处理的‘春见’的可溶性固形物、总糖量、维生素C含量、固酸比、出汁率、可食率都显著高于春季施肥及对照未施有机肥处理;糖酸组分中,秋季施肥处理的‘春见’的总糖量、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖都显著高于春季施肥及对照处理组,并在相同的施肥时间内随着有机肥用量的增加而提升;总酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸含量明显低于春季施肥及对照处理组,并在相同的施肥时间内随着有机肥用量的增加而出现先升高后降低的趋势。综上所述,秋季施用有机肥能够更好的提升土壤养分,提高‘春见’产量和品质,‘春见’柑橘有机肥施用最佳时期为秋季。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment,organic fertilizer was applied to 5-year-old’Harum’citrus for two consecutive years in 2021 and 2022,respectively,after fruit harvesting in spring（January15）and in autumn（September 15）.By studying the effects of organic fertilizer application in different periods on soil physical and chemical properties,spring and autumn characteristics,leaf nutrient status,fruit yield and quality,the effects of organic fertilizer application on orchard soil properties and citrus growth were clarified,and the best period of organic fertilizer application in the growth of citrus was determined,so as to effectively improve orchard soil quality,fruit yield and quality.The results of the study are as follows.The results of the study are as follows:（1）At the same organic fertilizer application rate,soil p H and organic matter content increased significantly in the fall fertilizer treatment compared to the spring fertilizer treatment;the highest soil organic matter content was 36.78 g.kg^-1.at 15 kg/plant fertilizer application in the fall.Soil nutrients such as fast-acting phosphorus,fast-acting potassium,and alkaline decomposition nitrogen were increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application under the same fertilization period.（2）With the same amount of organic fertilizer application,the leaf area,length,number of tresses,stem thickness,and number of nodes of spring and autumn tresses of’Harum’citrus were significantly higher than those of spring fertilizer treatment.The maximum number of shoots was 370.23,This indicates that the application of organic fertilizer in autumn is beneficial to promote flower bud differentiation in’Harum’.（3）Fruit yield was significantly higher under the fall fertilizer treatment than the spring fertilizer treatment,and the control group had the lowest fruit yield.The highest yield of 23.56 kg/plant was obtained with 15 kg/plant fertilizer treatment in autumn.Under the same fertilization period,the organic fertilizer application rate had no significant effect on the fruit ripening stage of’Spring See’,and had a significant effect on the increase of fruit weight per plant at the ripening stage of’Harum’.（4）Both the application period and the application rate of organic fertilizer had significant effects on the appearance quality of’Harum’,such as single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse fruit diameter,and fruit shape index,among which the highest fruit shape index was 0.92 under the treatment of 15 kg/plant in autumn.The soluble solids,total sugar,vitamin C content,solid to acid ratio,juice yield and edibility rate of’Spring See’were all significantly higher than those of spring fertilized and control treatments without organic fertilizer.The total acid,citric acid and malic acid contents were significantly lower than those of the spring fertilization and control treatments,and tended to increase and then decrease with the increase of organic fertilization during the same fertilization period.In conclusion,the application of organic fertilizer in autumn could better enhance soil nutrients and improve the yield and quality of’Harum’.The organic fertilizer application period and application rate both had significant effects on citrus fruit appearance indices such as single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index and intrinsic quality such as soluble solids,total sugar,VC content,sugar-acid ratio,sucrose,glucose,fructose and total sugar.In conclusion,the best time to apply organic fertilizer to’Harum’citrus is autumn.更多还原