【作者】 刘丹；

【导师】 李建宾；

【作者基本信息】 云南农业大学 ， 药用植物资源， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 红花油茶是我国特有的木本油料作物,也是世界四大木本油料作物之一,其种籽含油率高,其种籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,高油酸含量,脂肪酸组分与橄榄油相似,有“东方橄榄油”之称,是国际粮农组织首推的卫生保健食用油。红花油茶种籽油具备较强的热稳定性,耐储存、不易氧化变质,具有极高的食用价值和经济价值。我国是红花油茶资源最丰富的国家,但不同红花油茶含油率、种籽脂肪酸组分和含量差异性仍未有系统的研究。针对上述问题,本研究通过对19种红花油茶含油率及脂肪酸组分和含量进行分析,筛选高含油率、高不饱和脂肪酸和高油酸含量的优良种,研究不同储藏时间、不同温度处理和不同物理精炼方式处理对红花油茶种籽油稳定性和抗氧化活性影响。主要结论如下:不同红花油茶种籽含油率有差异。19种红花油茶种籽含油率为24.53%～72.63%,其中全缘红山茶、厚叶红山茶、浙江红花油茶和南山茶的含油率高达68.28%～71.13%,显著于大果红山茶、腾冲红花油茶、褪色红山茶和卵果红山茶,西南红山茶的种籽含油率最低,仅有24.53%。同一红花油茶物种内个体植株的含油率因物种不同有差异。木果红花油茶的个体间含油量差异最大,含量为39.81%～60.57%,全缘红山茶种内个体间含油量差异不显著。红花油茶种籽不饱和脂肪酸含量达85%以上,物种间有差异。卵果红山茶、全缘红山茶、假多齿红山茶、浙江红花油茶、五瓣红山茶和厚叶红山茶种籽不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于腾冲红花油茶。其中卵果红山茶和山茶种籽不饱和脂肪酸含量大于90%以上。不饱和脂肪酸中,53.33%以上物种的油酸含量高于80%,其中卵果红山茶、浙江红花油茶、五瓣红山茶、全缘红山茶和厚叶红山茶种籽油酸含量显著高于白灵山红山茶,山茶种籽油酸含量最高,达85.84%。亚油酸和亚麻酸含量相对较低,但种间和种内个体间差异显著。假多齿红山茶种籽亚油酸含量最高,为8.87%～14.05%,卵果红山茶种内个体间种籽亚油酸含量差异最大,含量最高达8.93%,最低仅为3.36%。不同红花油茶种籽油的抗氧化活性有差异。腾冲红花油茶和浙江红花油茶种籽油清除DPPH·自由基半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为59.95 mg/m L和127.90 mg/m L,清除ABTS·自由基半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为19.51 mg/m L和38.16 mg/m L,清除OH·自由基半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为0.09 mg/m L和0.20 mg/m L,说明腾冲红花油茶种籽油的抗氧化能力显著高于浙江红花油茶。腾冲红花油茶种籽常温物理压榨经2-3年储存、离心和过滤精炼,后酸价和过氧化值下降,油的质量有提升。不同温度对腾冲红花油茶种籽油的抗氧化活性有影响,加热处理80℃,其抗氧化活性没有差异,达100℃时,抗氧化活性显著下降,加热到250℃时,仍然符合二级油茶籽油国家标准（酸价≤3.00 mg/g,过氧化值≤0.25 g/100g）。本研究结果,为正确筛选富含不饱和脂肪酸、富含油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等特色优良红山茶植株,筛选优良株系提供了理论支撑,为红花油茶油的精深加工利用奠定了基础,对红花油茶种质资源评价和利用具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Section Camellia is a unique woody oil crop in China and one of the four major woody oil crops in the world.Its seed kernel contains high oil content,and its seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and high oleic acid content.Its fatty acid composition is similar to olive oil,so it is known as"Oriental olive oil",and it is the first health edible oil recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization.The seed oil of Section Camellia has strong thermal s Tableility,storage resistance,oxidation resistance,and high edible value and economic value.China is the country with the most abundant resources of Section Camellia,but the differences of oil content,kernel fatty acid composition and content of different safflower oil tea have not been systematically studied.To solve the above problems,this study analyzed the oil content and fatty acid components and contents of 19 kinds of Section Camellia,screened the superior species with high oil content,high unsaturated fatty acid content and high oleic acid content,and studied the effects of different storage time,different temperature treatment and different physical refining methods on the s Tableility and antioxidant activity of seed oil of Section Camellia.The main conclusions are as follows:The oil content of different Section Camellia.kernel was significantly different.The C.subintegra Huang ex Chang,C.chekiangoleosa Hu and C.semiserrata Chi were significantly higher than C.magnocarpa Chang,C.reticulata Lindl.,C.albescens Chang and C.magnocarpa Chang.The kernel oil content of 19 kinds of safflower oil tea was24.53%-72.63%,and the kernel oil content of thick-leaf Hongshan tea was the highest（39.19%-72.67%）,followed by whole Hongshan tea（68.28%-71.13%）,and the kernel oil content of southwest Hongshan tea was the lowest（24.53%）.The kernel oil content of 63.16%species was greater than 60%.The oil content of individual plants in the same species was different.The highest oil content was 60.57%,while the lowest oil content was only 39.81%.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds of Section Camellia was higher than85%,but there were significant differences among species.The contents of unsaturated fatty acids in seed seeds of C.oviformis Chang,C.subintegra Huang ex Chang,C.apolydonta Chang et Q.M.Chen,C.chekiangoleosa Hu,C.pentapetala Chang and C.crassissima Chang were significantly higher than those of C.reticulata Lindl.Among them,the unsaturated fatty acid content of C.oviformis Chang and C.japonica seed kernel is more than 90%,and the unsaturated fatty acid content of C.japonica seed kernel is the highest,reaching 90.45%.Oleic acid is the highest unsaturated fatty acid content,more than 53.33%of species oleic acid content is higher than 80%,there is a significant difference between species.Oleic acid content of C.oviformis Chang,C.chekiangoleosa Hu,C.pentapetala Chang,C.subintegra Huang ex Chang and C.crassissima Chang was significantly higher than that of C.ballinshanica.The oleic acid content of C.japonica seed kernel was the highest,up to 85.84%,but there was no significant difference within species.The contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid were relatively low,but the interspecific and intraspecific differences were significant.The content of linoleic acid in the seed kernel of C.apolydonta Chang et Q.M.Chen was the highest,ranging from 8.87%to14.05%.The content of linoleic acid in the seed kernel of C.oviformis Chang the most among individuals,with the highest being 8.93%and the lowest being 3.36%.The content of linolenic acid in seed kernel was all below 1%.The content of linolenic acid in seed kernel of C.magnocarpa Chang varied the most among individuals,with the highest content being 0.43%and the lowest content being 0.00%.The free radical scavenging ability of C.reticulata Lindl.was different from C.chekiangoleosa Hu,and the free radical scavenging ability of C.reticulata Lindl.was stronger than that of C.chekiangoleosa Hu.The DPPH·free radical scavenging semi-inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)of C.reticulata Lindl and C.chekiangoleosa Hu were59.95 mg/m L and 127.90 mg/m L,respectively,and the ABTS·free radical scavenging semi-inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)were 19.51 mg/m L and 38.16 mg/m L,respectively.OH·free radical scavenging semi-inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)were 0.09 mg/m L and0.20 mg/m L,respectively.The free radical scavenging ability of C.reticulata Lindl and C.reticulata Lindl was also different,which was mainly reflected in the difference of DPPH·free radical scavenging ability.The DPPH·free radical scavenging capacity of C.reticulata Lindl seed oil was 25.09 mg/m L with the semi-inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀).In addition,the free radical scavenging ability of C.reticulata Lindl seed oil decreased significantly when it was heated at 100℃,and it still met the national standard of secondary Section Camellia seed oil when it was heated at 250℃（acid value≤3.00mg/g,peroxide value≤0.25g/100g）.The free radical scavenging ability of the seed oil of C.reticulata Lindl decreased significantly after physical refining,but there was no significant difference in the physicochemical indexes.Moreover,the acid value and peroxide value of the seed oil after filtration were lower than that of the crude oil,indicating that the quality of the seed oil of C.reticulata Lindl after physical refining was better.更多还原