【作者】 林洁；

【导师】 柯文前；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国进入城镇化中后期,人口迁移流动形式正在发生着重要转变。人口迁移流动势必会导致城市内部形成紧密的空间联系,并塑造经济和社会生活联系下的城市内部空间结构,而作为短期循环流动的旅游流正是其重要形式之一。不同于本地常住人口更加集中于邻近生活区且目的地多为生活区和商业区的短距离行为轨迹;游客这类“短期驻留人口”在城市内部的出行以景区作为主要目的地,在一个或多个旅游目的地进行休闲旅游的过程常常呈现“片段式”、“跳跃型”的特征。因此,游客在指示城市空间结构演化上具有与常住人口不同的独特性,可以体现旅游活动的空间属性与相互关系,能够作为常住人口视角的补充,指示旅游客体在空间中相互作用所形成的空间集散程度和状态,进而与常住人口的行为轨迹共同来完整揭示人口流视角下的城市的空间结构与模式特征。然而,迄今为止在短期驻留人口如何影响城市空间结构特别是对游客流动视角下城市空间结构作用影响的规律认识仍然有限,尚未明确游客在城市空间结构发展过程中的塑造作用及影响机制。尽管有部分学者已经观察到游客对于城市空间结构的塑造作用,但专门探讨游客这一短期驻留人口对城市空间结构作用的相关研究仍较为鲜见。本文以现代滨海旅游城市厦门市和历史文化古城泉州市为研究区,利用网络爬虫方法获取长时间段内游客在真实进行旅游行为后自行发表的网络游记,从中提取出相应旅游活动轨迹构建游客流动网络。基于游客行为轨迹数据,以景区为研究单元,利用社会网络、引力模型等方法探讨了游客流动网络特征及其空间机制,并在此基础上进一步将其汇总至街道研究单元,从游客流动的视角分析了城市空间结构模式及其机制,以期增进该视角下城市内部空间结构与模式的深入认识。研究结果表明:(1)在景区研究单元,厦门旅游业发展好于泉州的事实使得厦门游客流动网络的节点层级结构完整度强于泉州。受新冠肺炎疫情影响,两个城市的节点中心度在时段演进上总体呈现“先升后降”的波动趋势。厦门游客流动网络形成由厦门岛内西南部向外辐射的扇形格局,泉州游客流动网络呈现出由中心城区主要向沿海地区辐射的格局特征,表明两个城市的游客大都集中在中心城区的重要景区,其余景区受地理距离衰减效应的影响,呈现出随距离增加而到访率降低的特点。基于引力模型的分析进一步证实了距离在游客游览行为及其所构建的游客流动网络中的重要作用,并且厦门因行政地域面积小,受距离衰减效应的影响强于泉州。此外,景区的游客流出规模、流入规模也对网络的发育产生影响。两个城市游客流动网络的空间组织模式都逐渐由单中心向多中心转变,各景区子系统内部联系紧密而子系统之间联系松散。(2)将游客在景区间流动的轨迹数据汇总至乡镇街道做进一步探讨,发现厦门的城市空间网络格局呈现出以岛内西南部思明区为中心向岛外辐射的扇形放射状格局,并在岛外的集美街道发展出一个稳定的突出节点;泉州总体呈现出以鲤城区向外辐射并主要向东部惠安和南部晋江、石狮突出的城市空间网络格局。在适宜旅游业发展的平稳阶段,两个城市的空间网络格局都向外扩展,当受到新冠疫情冲击时则都表现为不同程度的收缩。游客独有的“片段式”、“跳跃型”出行轨迹特征,使得在此基础上建构的城市空间网络格局也有类似特点,表现为地理不邻近乃至远距离的乡镇街道之间互有联系,长距离跨越式流动数量多。利用社区发现方法也证实了在距离衰减效应与游客特有出行轨迹的共同作用下,两个城市都呈现出地理邻近与地理跳跃交织的特征,且泉州的地理跳跃程度高于厦门。(3)基于前述分析归纳出两类城市空间结构,一是以厦门为例的单中心多层级放射状结构,二是以泉州为例的单中心多层级多组团状结构。从影响机制来看,游客、政府和旅游业相关企业是影响游客流动视角下城市空间结构的重要动力,旅游资源吸引力、景区距离与可达性、配套服务完善程度、游客个人喜好、游客旅游成本成为影响游客在城市内部旅游行为轨迹的重要因素,致使游客在城市内部形成邻近性出行和跳跃型出行两种游客出行轨迹,加之自然地理环境、城市人口分布等自然、社会因素的共同作用,最终刻画了城市空间结构的发生与演变。最后,对厦门和泉州的游客流动网络结构与城市空间结构提出相应优化建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process,China has steadily stepped into the late-intermediate stage of urbanization.In the new period,the population migration flow form is undergoing major transformation,middle and later periods of the urbanization of population migration flows will inevitably lead to the urban space form closely linked,and shape the economic and social life contact under the urban internal spatial structure,and tourism flow as a short-term circular flow is one of its important forms.The short-distance behavioral trajectory of the local permanent population is more concentrated in the nearby living areas,with destinations mostly in living and commercial areas.Tourists,the "short-term visitors",are different from the local resident population.It is the intra-city tourism with scenic spots as the main destination,often showing "fragment" and "skipping" in the process of leisure tourism in one or more tourist destinations.Therefore,tourism flow in the instructions on the evolution of urban spatial structure is different from the population of permanent residents of uniqueness,can reflect spatial attributes and the relationship between the tourism activities,to supplement the population of permanent residents in perspective,indicating tourist objects in space formed by the interaction of space distribution state and degree,and then complete reveals the spatial structure and pattern of the city.However,so far,the law of how short-term visitors affects urban spatial structure,especially from the perspective of tourism flow,is still limited,and the shaping role and influencing mechanism of tourists in the development process of urban spatial structure has not been clarified.Although some scholars have observed the shaping effect of tourists on urban spatial structure,it is still rare to study the effect of tourists,a shortterm visitors,on urban spatial structure.This paper takes Xiamen city,a modern coastal tourist city,and Quanzhou city,a historical and cultural city,as the research area,uses the web crawler method to obtain the online travel notes published by tourists in a long period of time after their actual travel behaviors,and extracts the corresponding travel activity tracks to construct the tourism flow network.Based on the tourist behavior trajectory data and scenic spots as the research unit,the characteristics of tourist flow network and its spatial mechanism are discussed on the scenic spot scale by using social network analysis,gravity model and other methods.On this basis,the characteristics are further summarized to the street research unit scale,and the urban spatial structure pattern and its mechanism are analyzed from the perspective of tourist flow,in order to improve the perspective of urban internal spatial structure and pattern recognizing.The results show that:(1)At the scenic spot unit,the fact that Xiamen’s tourism development is better than Quanzhou’s makes the node hierarchical structure integrity of Xiamen’s tourism flow network stronger than Quanzhou’s.There are fewer nodes with low centrality value in the network,and the connection between nodes is relatively close.Due to the impact of the COVID-19,the node centrality of the two cities showed a general trend of "rising first and then falling" in terms of time evolution..Xiamen tourism flow network formed by the Xiamen island southwest outward radiation fan shaped pattern,Quanzhou tourism flow network shows the central urban area from the main landscape characteristics of radiation to the coastal areas,indicates that two cities visitors are mostly concentrated in the center of the city’s major attractions,the remaining sites affected by geographical distance attenuation effect,showing the characteristics of the visiting rate decrease with the increase of distance.The analysis based on gravity model further confirms that distance plays an important role in tourist behavior and tourism flow network,and Xiamen is more affected by distance than Quanzhou due to its small administrative area.In addition,tourist outflow scale and inflow scale of scenic spots also affect the development of network.The spatial organization pattern of tourism flow network in both cities gradually changed from single center to multi-center,and the subsystems of scenic spots were closely connected but loosely connected.(2)The urban spatial network pattern of Xiamen shows a fan-shaped radiating pattern from Siming District in the southwest of the island,and develops a stable prominent node in Jimei street outside the island.Quanzhou presents an urban spatial network pattern with Licheng district radiating outwards and Huian in the east and Jinjiang and Shishi in the south.In the stable stage suitable for tourism development,the spatial network pattern of the two cities expanded outward,but contracted to varying degrees when hit by COVID-19.The unique characteristics of "fragmentary" and " skipping " travel trajectories of tourists make the urban spatial network pattern constructed on this basis also have similar characteristics,which is manifested by the mutual connection between towns and streets not geographically adjacent or even distant,and the large number of long-distance leapfrog flows.The community detection method explores the community division of Xiamen and Quanzhou at different time periods,and also confirms that the community division exhibits a combination of geographic proximity and geographic skipping due to the combination of distance decay effects and tourist-specific travel trajectories,and the geographical jump degree of Quanzhou was higher than that of Xiamen.(3)Based on the above analysis,two types of urban spatial structure and influence mechanism are summarized,one is the single center and multi-level radial structure taking Xiamen as an example,the other is the single center,multi-level and multi-group cluster structure taking Quanzhou as an example.Tourists,government and tourismrelated enterprises are the important driving forces influencing the urban spatial structure from the perspective of tourism flow.The attraction of tourism resources,distance and accessibility of scenic spots,the perfection of supporting services,tourists’ personal preference and tourist cost become the important factors influencing tourists’ travel behavior trajectory within the city.As a result,two kinds of tourist travel trajectories are formed in the inner city,namely,proximity travel and skipping travel,which finally describes the occurrence and evolution of urban spatial structure.Finally,some suggestions are put forward to optimize the tourism flow network structure and urban spatial structure of Xiamen and Quanzhou.更多还原