【作者】 陈健；

【导师】 杨建虎；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 风景园林（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 快速城市化导致非渗透路面急剧增加,城市管网与雨水径流之间的矛盾日益凸显,在此背景下我国大力推进海绵城市建设,在一定程度上缓解了城市雨洪问题。然而部分海绵项目在落地过程中过多注重工程技术而忽略场地的景观性,或者过多强调场地的景观性忽略了绿地作为“自然海绵体”的雨水功能,没有充分考虑到场地内雨水系统和景观营造之间的融合平衡关系,导致场地雨水管理不到位或者景观不具有可持续性等问题。集雨型绿地作为海绵城市建设的主要实施载体,可以在雨水系统和景观营造两方面达到相对平衡,对于缓解城市绿地雨水问题和提升城市景观风貌起到了重要作用,因此文中主要对集雨型绿地的规划设计步骤、雨水系统构建、雨水景观营造等进行研究。本文以集雨型绿地为研究对象,以雨水系统和景观营造为展开方向,探索中小尺度集雨型绿地规划设计方法。首先在西北半干湿地区典型气候的前提下,对西咸新区集雨型绿地进行调研,通过横向对比分析得出具体问题;其次根据雨水下降汇集的相关原理,模拟自然雨水循环过程,科学构建雨水管理系统,具体从划分汇水分区、调控雨水径流、落定调蓄点位这三个环节入手,从而得出最优的雨水空间落位以及雨水设施布局。同时根据年径流总量控制率计算设计调蓄容积,进一步计算雨水设施的规模,解决场地雨水管理不到位问题;最后从空间、设施、植物、功能四个景观要素的角度将雨水系统与景观营造深度融合起来,具体从地形竖向设计、道路广场规划、设施优化选型、截留型植物景观营造以及完善绿地服务功能等方面具体展开详细研究,在雨水系统和景观营造之间找到一个平衡点,解决集雨型绿地当中雨水系统和景观营造设计脱节问题。最终呈现出既能收集处理雨水径流,又能提升改善景观效果的生态型集雨型绿地,同时提供具有可持续性的城市公共活动空间。通过以上研究得出西北半干湿地区中小尺度集雨型绿地规划设计步骤,运用景观途径来提升优化集雨型绿地的雨水管理过程,以景观呈现的方式解决城市绿地的雨水问题,进而缓解城市雨洪。论文最后以咸阳职业技术学院为改造案例,从雨水管理组织、雨水设施设计、径流总量计算等构建科学合理的雨水系统,改善校园目前的雨水内涝问题。此外在完备的雨水系统基础之上,结合场地周边环境进行景观营造,具体从地形竖向、道路改造、广场设计以及截留型植物景观营造等方面加强雨水系统和场地景观二者的融合,设计具有雨水生态功能的可持续性集雨型绿地景观,为西北半干湿地区其他城市的集雨型绿地规划设计提供借鉴与参考,同时更深入地发展和完善城市绿地处理雨水问题的技术手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rapid urbanization has led to a sharp increase in impermeable pavement,and the contradiction between urban pipe network and rainwater runoff is increasingly prominent.In this context,China has vigorously promoted the construction of Sponge city,which has alleviated the urban rain flood problem to a certain extent.However,some sponge projects pay too much attention to engineering technology while ignoring the landscape of the site during the landing process,or too much emphasis on the landscape of the site ignores the rainwater function of the green space as a "natural Cavernous tissue",and does not fully consider the integration and balance between the rainwater system and landscape construction within the site,resulting in inadequate rainwater management or unsustainable landscape and other issues.As the main implementation carrier of Sponge city construction,rainwater harvesting green space can achieve a relative balance between rainwater system and landscape construction,which plays an important role in alleviating the rainwater problem of Urban green space and improving the urban landscape style.Therefore,this paper mainly studies the planning and design steps,rainwater system construction,rainwater landscape construction,etc.of rainwater harvesting green space.This article takes rainwater harvesting green spaces as the research object,and explores the planning and design methods of small and medium-sized rainwater harvesting green spaces with the direction of rainwater system and landscape creation.Firstly,based on the typical climate of the semi dry and humid northwest region,a survey was conducted on the rainwater harvesting green spaces in Xixian New Area,and specific problems were identified through horizontal comparative analysis;Secondly,based on the relevant principles of rainwater descent and collection,simulate the natural rainwater circulation process,and scientifically construct a rainwater management system.Specifically,starting from dividing the catchment area,regulating rainwater runoff,and setting storage points,the optimal rainwater spatial placement and rainwater facility layout can be obtained.At the same time,calculate and design the storage capacity based on the annual runoff total control rate,further calculate the scale of rainwater facilities,and solve the problem of inadequate rainwater management on the site;Finally,from the perspective of the four landscape elements of space,facilities,plants,and functions,the rainwater system is deeply integrated with landscape creation.Specifically,detailed research is carried out from the aspects of vertical terrain design,road and square planning,facility optimization and selection,interception plant landscape creation,and improvement of green space service functions,in order to find a balance between the rainwater system and landscape creation,Solve the problem of disconnection between rainwater system and landscape design in rainwater harvesting green spaces.Finally,it presents Ecotype rainwater harvesting green space that can not only collect and treat rainwater runoff,but also improve the landscape effect,while providing sustainable urban public activity space.Through the above research,the planning and design steps of small and medium-sized rainwater harvesting green space in the northwest semi dry and wet areas are obtained,and the landscape approach is used to improve and optimize the rainwater management process of rainwater harvesting green space,so as to solve the rainwater problem of Urban green space in the way of landscape presentation,and then alleviate the urban rain flood.Finally,the paper takes Xianyang Vocational and Technical College as a case study to construct a scientific and reasonable rainwater system from the perspectives of rainwater management organization,rainwater facility design,and total runoff calculation,in order to improve the current rainwater waterlogging problem on the campus.In addition,on the basis of a complete rainwater system,landscape construction is carried out in conjunction with the surrounding environment of the site.Specifically,the integration of the rainwater system and the site landscape is strengthened from the aspects of vertical terrain,road renovation,square design,and intercepted plant landscape creation.A sustainable rainwater harvesting green space landscape with rainwater aquatic functions is designed,providing reference and reference for the planning and design of rainwater harvesting green spaces in other cities in the semi dry and humid northwest region,At the same time,we will further develop and improve the technical means of Urban green space to deal with rainwater problems.更多还原