【作者】 李钰；

【导师】 关天民； 翟贇；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 机械工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 鸟类迁徙活动作为生态环境优劣的衡量标准之一,研究者们对跟踪候鸟迁徙路线的研究方式亦是多种多样。现阶段,使用搭载追踪器的寻踪方式被研究学者们广泛应用。但是目前对于追踪器的研究主要集中在芯片选择、程序设计等方面,对追踪器外形低风阻的设计与轻量化成型研究较少。针对追踪器亟待解决的问题,文中利用计算机辅助外形参数化设计、流体仿真分析、熔融沉积成型工艺等方法对其进行研究与设计。(1)本文选取鸽子作为鸟类实验对象,利用三维扫描仪对鸽子进行逆向模型建立。以鸟类本身流线型身姿为启示,构思设计草图并建初始模型框架,利用计算机辅助造型构建出流线形、仿鲨鱼鳍形、普通工字形三种追踪器搭载平台曲面模型,针对流线形模型中存在的影响追踪器空气动力学的关键因素进行参数化,并对其进行参数范围选取。(2)根据鸽子模型与追踪器搭载平台模型的装配,从理论层面分析追踪器在运动过程中的气动性,随后利用仿真软件对不同追踪器搭载平台模型进行网格区域划分与流场仿真,分析对比仿真结果得到风阻系数低的模型,最大程度上减小鸟类飞行时追踪器产生的空气阻力对鸟类本身产生的影响,优选最佳模型验证模型设计的合理性。分别对鸽子模型与搭载追踪器鸽子模型进行仿真,根据仿真结果分析追踪器对鸽子飞行的影响程度。(3)采用熔融沉积工艺对优化设计的搭载平台进行3D成型,发现熔融沉积工艺成型的结构存在力学性能各向异性的特点。为优化结构受力位置的力学性能,考虑通过采用不同的成型角度进行成型。通过拉伸实验进行结果数据对比,得到最优角度进而改善其力学性能问题这块“短板”。(4)由于熔融沉积工艺特点,追踪器外壳抵御水汽侵入的效果较差,因此需要对成型的追踪器内部放置的芯片等进行防水,根据现有电子元器件防水方式以及防水试验指标,选取三种不同防水方式进行试验并综合分析对比不同防水方式试验结果得到最优选项。(5)分析鸟类负重情况,进行鸽子背部最佳位点负重搭载实验,确定追踪器最佳搭载位置。对追踪器进行实际室内与室外搭载飞行实验,验证追踪器的可靠性与可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bird migration is one of the criteria for measuring the quality of the ecological environment,and researchers have a variety of research methods for tracking migratory birds’ migration routes.At this stage,the pursuit method using a mounted tracker is widely used by researchers.However,the current research on trackers is mainly focused on chip selection,programming,etc.,and there is little research on the design and lightweight molding of trackers with low wind resistance.Aiming at the urgent problems of the tracker,the paper uses computer-aided shape parameterization design,fluid simulation analysis,fused deposition molding process and other methods to research and design it.(1)This article selects the pigeon as a bird experiment object,and uses a three-dimensional scanner to establish a reverse model of the pigeon.It is the enlightenment of the bird itself.It is an enlightenment to design the sketch and build the initial model frame.The three tracker of the shark fin is built by computer-aided shape,and the three tracker is equipped with the platform surface model,and for streamline The key factors that affect the aerodynamics of the tracker aerodynamics are parameterized,and the parameter range is selected.(2)According to the assembly of the pigeon model and the tracker-mounted platform model,analyze the aerodynamics of the tracker during the movement from the theoretical level,and then use simulation software to divide the grid area and flow field simulation of the different tracker-mounted platform models.Analyze and compare the simulation results to obtain a model with a low wind resistance coefficient,which minimizes the impact of the air resistance produced by the tracker on the birds themselves when the birds fly,and the best model is selected to verify the rationality of the model design.The pigeon model and the pigeon model with the tracker were simulated respectively,and the influence of the tracker on the flight of the pigeon was analyzed according to the simulation results.(3)The optimized design of the loading platform was 3D molded by the fused deposition process,and it was found that the structure formed by the fused deposition process had the characteristics of anisotropy in mechanical properties.In order to optimize the mechanical properties of the force position of the structure,it is considered to adopt different forming angles for forming.The result data is compared through the tensile experiment,and the optimal angle is obtained to improve the "short board" of its mechanical properties.(4)Because of the characteristics of fused deposition technology tracking shell to resist water intrusion effect is poorer,so need to forming the tracker internal waterproof,such as chip is placed according to the existing electronic way of waterproof and waterproof test indicators,adopt three different waterproof test methods and comprehensive analysis and comparison of different waterproof test results are the most preferences.(5)Analyze the load-bearing situation of birds,carry out pigeon load-bearing experiments and carry out actual flight experiments on the tracker to verify the reliability and feasibility of the tracker.更多还原