【作者】 冯迪；

【导师】 李斐； 李海港；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 阴山北麓是内蒙古西部重要的马铃薯生产基地,约占内蒙古全区马铃薯产量的三分之一,但该区域位于内蒙古西部干旱、半干旱地区,面临干旱缺水的限制条件。然而,该地区地下水储量约4.7亿m~3,可弥补有效降水量不足。由于阴山北麓的马铃薯灌溉高度依赖地下水,使地下水几乎成为马铃薯唯一的人工灌溉来源。近年来马铃薯种植集约化程度提高导致阴山北麓地区地下水的过度开采,出现了地下水位持续下降和地下水漏斗等地质问题。本研究地下水分析基于中国气象数据网以及内蒙古水利部门公开出版发行的数据资料和阴山北麓各主要马铃薯灌区1980年至2016年间16个观测井36年的地下水位数据进行系统的地下水位研究,研究结果表明:(1)阴山北麓地区马铃薯种植面积及产量呈现出逐年上升的趋势。马铃薯主要种植区域集中在阴山北麓山间盆地及河谷平原,这些地区地表水资源匮乏,地下却储藏着着一定的地下水资源。然而,地下水储量有限,马铃薯灌溉占地下水用水量的80%,作为地下水的主要消耗部门,需引入节水灌溉技术。过度开采地下水已经导致地下水资源超采和水位下降的问题。(2)根据内蒙古自治区水利部门公开发表的地下水数据资料和近36年16个地下水观测井水位数据分析,地下水位呈不同程度的连续下降,个别观测井干涸。(3)地下水位下降趋势与马铃薯灌溉产量增长呈显著负相关性。阴山北麓地区马铃薯产量与地下水供水量表现出负相关关系,即马铃薯产量增加,地下水供水量降低,反之亦然。(4)马铃薯灌溉以地下水的漫灌形式为主,对地下水资源浪费严重,水分利用率低下,目前灌溉马铃薯水分利用率仅为3.33 g/kg,低于潜在利用率29.8 g/kg。本文通过对1987年至2017年阴山北麓马铃薯产量和灌溉用水量的比较分析,发现马铃薯产量逐年增加,但地下水资源过度开采导致水位下降。马铃薯灌溉占据地下水用水量的80%,但灌溉效率低下,水分利用率远低于潜在利用率。研究结果表明迫切需要节水灌溉技术,以实现马铃薯产量的持续增长并保障地下水资源的可持续利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains is an important potato production base in western Inner Mongolia,accounting for about one-third of the region’s potato production,but the region is located in the arid and semi-arid regions of western Inner Mongolia and faces the constraints of drought and water shortage.However,the region’s groundwater reserves of around 470 million m3 can make up for the lack of effective precipitation.As potato irrigation in the northern part of the Yinshan Mountains is highly dependent on groundwater,making it almost the only artificial source of irrigation for potatoes.The increased intensification of potato cultivation in recent years has led to the overexploitation of groundwater in the northern foothills of the Yin Mountains,resulting in geological problems such as a continuous decline in groundwater levels and groundwater leakage.The groundwater analysis in this study is based on publicly published data from the China Meteorological Data Network as well as the Inner Mongolia Water Resources Department and 36 years of groundwater level data from 16 observation wells in each of the major potato irrigation areas in the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains between 1980 and 2016 to conduct a systematic groundwater level study,the results of which indicate that:(1)potato cultivation area and production in the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains show a trend of year-on-year increase.The main potato growing areas are concentrated in the inter-mountain basins and river valley plains at the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains,where surface water resources are scarce but groundwater resources are stored underground.However,groundwater reserves are limited and potato irrigation accounts for80% of groundwater use,so as a major consumer of groundwater,water-saving irrigation techniques need to be introduced.Over-exploitation of groundwater has already led to problems of over-exploitation of groundwater resources and falling water levels.(2)Based on publicly published groundwater data information from the water conservancy department of Inner Mongolia Autonom ous Region and analysis of water level data from 16 groundwater observation wells over the past 36 years,groundwater levels have shown continuous declines of varying degrees,with individual observation wells drying up.(3)There is a significant negative correlation between the declining trend in groundwater levels and the growth of irrigated potato production.Potato yields and groundwater supply in the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains show a negative correlation,i.e.potato yields increase and gr oundwater supply decreases,and vice versa.(4)Potato irrigation is mainly in the form of diffuse groundwater irrigation,which is a serious waste of groundwater resources and has a low water utilisation rate,with the current water utilisation rate for i rrigated potatoes being only 3.33 g/kg,which is lower than the potential utilisation rate of 29.8 g/kg.A comparative analysis of potato production and irrigation water use in the potato-producing areas of the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains in the arid zone of western Inner Mongolia from 1987 to 2017 reveals that potato production in the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains is increasing year on year,mainly benefiting from groundwater use,with potato irrigation accounting for 80% of groundwater use.However,this pattern has led to over-exploitation of groundwater resources and declining water tables,undermining groundwater sustainability.There is a significant negative correlation between declining groundwater levels and potato yield growth.Potato irrigation relies mainly on diffuse groundwater irrigation,which is inefficient and wastes large amounts of groundwater resources.Currently,irrigation water utilisation for potatoes is much lower than potential utilisation.The above findings point to an urgent need for water-saving irrigation technologies to promote sustained potato yield growth while ensuring sustainable use of groundwater resources.更多还原