【作者】 红梅；

【导师】 包文泉； 王淋；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 林业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 西伯利亚杏(Prunus sibirica)是我国北方地区重要的经济树种,应用前景广泛,发展潜力极大。同时,西伯利亚杏是我国干旱、半干旱等地区水土保持和防风固沙的先锋树种,具有极高的生态价值。然而,由于雌蕊败育、花期冻害等原因,导致西伯利亚杏产量低而不稳,深入挖掘花器官发育相关基因,可为西伯利亚杏的增产提质提供重要理论基础。本研究以西伯利亚杏花芽为研究材料,利用石蜡切片技术,观察花芽分化的细胞解剖学特征;通过转录组学方法,筛选调控西伯利亚杏花器官发育的相关基因,为解析西伯利亚杏花器官发育的分子调控机制提供重要的理论基础。主要研究结果如下:1.石蜡切片结果显示,西伯利亚杏CT花芽发育过程分为6个时期,分别为未分化期、分化初期、花萼分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期,比较西伯利亚杏CT与BT花芽分化进程,发现其主要差异在于雌雄蕊的分化,相比西伯利亚杏CT,BT无雄蕊但有多个雌蕊,西伯利亚杏CT在8月25日、西伯利亚杏BT在9月5日是各雌雄蕊原基刚开始形成期,定为CT与BT形态差异的关键期。2.转录组测序结果显示,共检测到2459个差异表达基因,其中1367条上调,1092条下调。通过对差异表达基因的GO富集分析发现,主要富集于细胞过程、代谢过程、细胞解剖实体和结合、催化活性等生物过程;差异表达基因KEGG富集分析结果显示,富集通路包括类黄酮生物合成,二苯乙烯类、二磷酸庚烷和姜辣素的生物合成,植物与病原菌互作,次生代谢物生物合成和激素信号转导等代谢通路,表明西伯利亚杏花器官发育过程与代谢过程和次生代谢物有密切关系。3.根据西伯利亚杏花芽差异表达基因功能注释,共挖掘了4个MADS-box转录因子,43个植物激素相关的差异基因与花器官发育有关。相关研究发现,花发育ABCDE模型B类基因,IAA信号转导Aux/IAA家族基因,ABA信号转导PP2C基因,SA信号转导TGA基因与花器官发育有关,因此,推测MADS-box基因家族中的花发育模型B类基因Ps MADS9,植物激素相关基因中的IAA信号转导途径IAA10、IAA4/5、Pa18184基因,ABA信号转导途径HAB1基因和SA信号转导途径TGA9、PRB1基因为西伯利亚杏花器官发育相关基因,通过q RT-PCR验证转录组测序的结果,基本与转录组结果一致。本研究基于石蜡切片与转录组测序分析基础上初步筛选出西伯利亚杏花器官发育的相关基因,为西伯利亚杏花器官发育分析机制研究提供了理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Prunus sibirica It is an important economic tree species in the northern region of our country.The application prospects are wide and the development potential is very great.At the same time,the Prunus sibirica is the pioneer tree species for soil and water conservation and windbreak and sand fixation in arid and semi-arid areas,which has high ecological value.However,the yield of Prunus sibirica was low and unstable due to pistil abortion and freezing damage in flowering period,etc.Further exploration of the genes related to flower organ development could provide an important theoretical basis for the yield increase and quality improvement of Prunus sibirica.In this study,the cell anatomical characteristics of flower bud differentiation of Prunus sibirica were observed by paraffin section technique.Through transcriptomics,we screened the genes involved in the regulation of organ development in Prunus sibirica blossom,which provided an important theoretical basis for the analysis of the molecular regulation mechanism of organ development in Prunus sibirica blossom.The main results are as follows:1.The results of paraffin section showed that the flower bud development process of Prunus sibirica CT was divided into 6 stages,namely,undifferentiated stage,early differentiation stage,calyx differentiation stage,petal differentiation stage,stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage.Compared with the flower bud differentiation process of Prunus sibirica CT and BT,it was found that the main difference was the differentiation of female and stamen.BT has no stamen but has multiple pistills.The formation stage of the female and stamen primordia of Prunus sibirica CT on August 25 and Prunus sibirica BT on September 5 is the key stage of morphological difference between CT and BT.2.Transcriptome sequencing showed that 2459 differentially expressed genes were detected,of which 1367 were up-regulated and 1092 down-regulated.GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that they were mainly concentrated in biological processes such as cellular process,metabolic process,cell anatomical entity and binding,and catalytic activity.The results of KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the enrichment pathways included flavonoid biosynthesis,biosynthesis of stilbenes,heptane diphosphate and gingerol,plant and pathogen interaction,secondary metabolite biosynthesis and hormone signal transduction,which indicated that the metabolic process and secondary metabolites were closely related to the development of Prunus sibirica flower organs.3.According to the functional annotation of differentially expressed genes in the flower buds of Prunus sibirica,4 MADS-box transcription factors and 43 differentially expressed genes related to plant hormones were found to be related to flower organ development.Relevant studies have found that ABCDE model B gene,IAA signal transduction Aux/IAA family gene,ABA signal transduction PP2 C gene,SA signal transduction TGA gene are related to flower organ development.Therefore,it is speculated that the MADS-box gene family of flower development model B gene Ps MADS9,The IAA signal transduction pathway IAA10,IAA4/5 and Pa18184 genes,ABA signal transduction pathway HAB1 gene and SA signal transduction pathway TGA9 and PRB1 genes in plant hormone-related genes are related to organ development of Prunus sibirica flower.Transcriptome sequencing results were verified by q RT-PCR.The results are basically consistent with the transcriptome results.Based on the analysis of paraffin sections and transcriptome sequencing,this study initially screened out genes related to the organ development of Prunus sibirica flower,providing a theoretical basis for the analysis mechanism of the organ development of Prunus sibirica.更多还原