【作者】 沈洁；

【导师】 郑一郑；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 地铁作为现代化城市公共交通工具,在以上海为代表的超大型城市中发挥着重要的社会职能。在促进城市经济发展、服务民生出行和改善城市生态环境的同时,地铁密闭式的构造、密集式的运输、网络化的运行以及地下空间的局限,使得其运营安全和应急处置面临前所未有的压力,其中一个突出问题就是大客流风险的如何治理,因此需要从理论高度和实践操作两个层面进行研究、分析,同时应用于指导实践。从理论层面看,地铁站点大客流风险是社会公共安全风险的一个微观细分维度,其研究对于风险社会治理理论具有现实意义。同时,协同治理理论是将自然科学的协同论和社会学科的治理理论相融合的新兴交叉理论,本文提出地铁车站大客流风险协同治理体系的构建,对社会风险协同治理具有重要的理论研究价值。从实践层面看,大城市防范和化解重大风险的紧迫性和重要性日益突出。对上海地铁车站大客流风险问题展开研究,可以将理论成果更好地应用于社会实践,对政府治理此类社会风险提供依据和对策建议。同时,通过本文的研究可以在协同治理的实践中探索社会主体参与上海公共安全领域社会共治的可行性。本文首先对国内外相关领域做了细致的文献研究,理清了自身的研究思路,应用文献研究法、问卷调查法与访谈法、比较分析法、案例分析法展开具体的分析和研究。随后创新性地将协同治理理论应用在地铁车站大客流协同治理的研究上,指出了现状的不足,提出了将多元化的非政府主体广泛纳入地铁车站大客流风险协同治理的框架下,形成更加完善的协同治理框架。本文形成的主要结论包括:上海地铁车站大客流风险协同治理在多年的实践及探索中取得了一定的基础性成果,但缺乏充分的理论研究,和在理论的支撑下指导实践改进具体方案和措施。本文通过对地铁车站大客流风险治理的现状分析,可以得出结论:上海地铁大客流风险治理具备了基本的治理能力和框架体系,形成了“四长联动”机制,而该机制则是本文研究的大客流风险协同治理机制的雏形,距离理论上的要求还很不完善。在结合具体站点——上海地铁龙阳路站大客流风险治理现行措施以及问卷、访谈的实际情况分析基础上,本文研究梳理出了大客流风险治理中存在问题并予以剖析。主要问题包括:协同治理参与主体类型单一;协同治理参与各方联动性较差;协同治理参与各方能力受限等三方面。同时从协同治理理论出发,详细研究了“四长联动”机制。从协同治理机制的角度进行了问题成因分析,指出机制缺失的四个主要方面——协同主体多元化不足;协同主体间联系沟通不畅;多元主体社会共治格局未成形;协同治理的行为规则不完善;同时,本文也从协同治理环境角度对问题成因做了分析,指出环境体系的信息平台建设不健全,预警系统不完善以及社会参与度不足。此外,本文还研究了其他代表性城市的大客流风险治理方式,以期形成借鉴。最后,本文对上海地铁车站大客流风险协同治理提出优化策略:首先是需要完善协同治理机制,强调机制建设,针对机制缺失的四个问题分别给出优化策略——增强主体多元化;强化主体间的联系沟通;形成多元协同主体的社会共治;完善协同治理的行为准则。然后结合协同治理理论的实际应用,为增强协同性,对地铁大客流风险协同治理环境体系建设提出创新性的进一步完善建议,包括:建立大客流风险协同治理信息共享平台;建立大客流风险协同预警系统;强化志愿者参与及社会教育促进协同治理框架体系的完善。这几方面的实施可以将协同治理机制的作用和优势更充分地发挥出来,使协同治理框架体系更完善、更健全,也是本文在充分研究理论和现状的基础上,所做的对策建议创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the main public transportation of Shanghai,which is a representative metropolis in China,metro plays an important role in the city’s fundamental functions.While providing supporting for urban economic development,civil transportation and local ecological optimization,metro is also confronted with unprecedented pressures from the risks of operation safety and emergency response due to its closed carriage,massive transport capacity,network complexity,and confined space.Among all problems,the countermeasures for mass transit passenger flow risk become the prominent issue.Therefore,we need to conduct researches from theoretical as well as practical perspective,and apply what we achieved into practice guidance.From the theoretical point of view,the risk of mass passenger flow in metro stations is a micro-subdivided dimension subjected to social public security,and its research attributes to the theory of risk society governance.At the same time,considering the theory of synergetic governance is a new intercross theory which combines the synergetic theory of natural science and the governance theory of social science,the proposal of constructing risk synergetic mechanism for mass passenger flow in metro stations has important theoretical research value to the synergetic governance of social risk.From the practical aspect,it is urgent and important to prevent and dissolve the major risks in big cities.The study on the risk of mass passenger flow in Shanghai Metro can better apply the theoretical results to social practice,and provide the measures and suggestions for the government to deal with such social risks.Meanwhile,the study of this paper also aims to search for the feasibility of social subjects participating in the co-governance in public security in Shanghai.First of all,this paper has made a detailed literature study on the relevant fields in risk management at home and abroad,then made its own research route,took the method of literature research,questionnaire and interview,comparative analysis and case analysis to carry out specific analysis and research.On the research of the collaborative management of the mass transit passenger flow,which is applied by the synergetic governance theory,the paper points out the deficiency of the present response measures,and puts forward that the diversified non-governmental subjects should be invited into the framework of the risk management of the mass transit passenger flow to form a better collaborative mechanism.The main conclusions of this paper include: the metro operators have accumulated much experiences on reactions to the Shanghai metro passenger flow for many years,however,the government didn’t pay more attentions on theoretical research,as well as the specific measures and improved public participation mechanism under the guidance of the theory.Based on the analysis of the current response to passenger flow risk in metro stations,this paper draws the conclusion that the emergency plans and coordinated platform have been established featured by “Four Leader Linkage”mechanism.However,this mechanism is so rudimental that it is far from meeting the requirements based on the theory of collaborative governance for the risk of large passenger flow.Take Longyang Road Station as an example,this paper lists and analyzes the existing drawbacks in dealing with the risk of mass transit passenger flow by questionnaire and interview,including insufficient participants from limited sources,unsmooth coordination and restricted and low efficiency of risk reconciliation.Apart from that,this paper made deep studies on the mechanism of “Four Leader Linkage” based on the theory of synergetic governance.Firstly,from the perspective of the collaborative governance mechanism,analyzes the four main causes of the problems as follows:Co-agents are not enough,poor communication among co-agents,social co-governance has not yet been formed,and the rules of co-governance are not mature.Secondly,from the perspective of collaborative environment,analyzes the three causes of the problem including unsound information platform,imperfect early warning system and insufficient social participation.In addition,this paper also studies the governance mechanism for passenger flow risk in other representative cities for reference.Finally,the paper provides optimized strategies for the collaborative governance of the mass transit passenger flow risk including: introducing multi-participation,improving communications among co-agents,consolidating the social co-governance with multi-subjects,standardizing the rules of co-governance.Also,the paper puts forward some innovative suggestions on constructing an environment for collaborative governance of mass transit passenger flow combining with practical application on the basis of synergetic governance theory.These suggestions contain:building an information-sharing platform,establishing collaborative early warning system for the risk of large passenger flow,raising public awareness of mass transit passenger flow risk to promote co-governance.I hope the above suggestions,also the emphasized innovations of this paper,will give full play to the theory of synergy and make the collaborative governance mechanism of the mass transit passenger flow risk more efficient.更多还原