【作者】 李菲；

【导师】 李放；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 社会保障， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在人口老龄化不断加深的背景下,养老问题受到全社会的高度关注。虽然国家非常重视发展社会化养老,但家庭养老依然是不可替代的重要养老方式。在家庭养老中,子女是主要的责任承担者,老年人的子女数量、性别及居住安排等家庭结构要素必然会对其获得的养老代际支持产生重要影响。新中国成立以来,我国的经济、政治、社会、文化环境都发生了巨大的变化,特别是生育政策和改革开放,使我国家庭结构出现了重大变迁。那么,家庭结构中的子女数和居住安排对老年人获得子女的代际支持分别有怎样的影响?这些影响是否存在城乡差异?探求以上问题的答案对巩固家庭养老、完善家庭养老政策无疑具有重要意义。本文运用2015年的中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,对老年人的子女数、居住安排和家庭养老代际支持之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果显示:(1)子女数影响了老年人家庭养老代际支持情况,且存在性别差异和城乡差异:农村老年人的儿子数与其获得的家庭养老代际支持呈现显著正相关,女儿数与农村老年人获得的日常生活照料支持情况呈现显著的负相关,与获得的情感支持情况呈现显著的正相关;城市老年人的儿子数和女儿数对其获得日常生活照料支持的影响都不显著,对于经济支持和情感支持则都是呈现显著正相关。(2)居住安排影响了城乡老年人家庭养老代际支持的不同方面:无论是在城市还是农村,老年人的居住安排对其获得的经济支持、日常生活照料支持和情感支持都有着显著的影响;与子女同住的老年人获得的经济支持相对较少,但获得了更多的日常生活照料支持和情感支持。(3)不同职业、性别的老年人,子女数和居住安排对家庭养老代际支持的作用略有不同。随着现代化进程的加快、思想文化的变迁,传统的家庭养老模式受到冲击,孝文化的约束力也在不断减弱。但不可否认的是,巩固家庭养老仍然是应对老龄化挑战的重要举措。因此,本文提出弘扬传统孝文化,提高农村保障水平,鼓励适龄群体在政策及法律允许的范围内提高生育率,给予适当优惠扶持政策,鼓励多代同住或就近居住等建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the ever-increasing population aging,elderly care is highly concerned by all people in society.Although the country pays more importance to the development of socialized elderly care,it is still an important and irreplaceable method of elderly care.As for the family elderly care,children are the main responsibility bearers.The number of children,gender and living arrangements of the elderly of the elderly will inevitably have an important impact on the intergenerational support they receive.Since the founding of New China,our country’s economic,political,social,and cultural environment has been happened many changes.In particular,the birth policy and reform and opening up have caused major changes in the family structure of our country.Then,how do the number of children in the family structure and the living arrangements affect the intergenerational support of the elderly from their children? Are there differences in these effects between urban and rural areas? Exploring the answers to the above questions is undoubtedly of great significance to consolidating family pensions and improving family pension policies.This article uses the 2015 China Health and Pension Tracking Survey data to conduct an empirical analysis of the relationship between the number of children of the elderly,the living arrangements and the intergenerational support for the elderly.The results of the study show:(1)The number of children affects the intergenerational support for the elderly in their families,and there are gender differences and urban-rural differences: the number of sons of the rural elderly is significantly positively correlated with the intergenerational support received by the family for the elderly.The daily care support received by the rural elderly is significantly negatively correlated with the emotional support received;the number of sons and daughters of the urban elderly has no significant impact on their daily care support.For financial support and emotional support,there is a significant positive correlation.(2)The living arrangement affects different aspects of intergenerational support for the elderly in urban and rural families: Whether in urban or rural areas,the living arrangement of the elderly has a significant impact on the financial support,daily care support and emotional support they receive;The elderly who live with their children receive relatively little financial support,but they receive more daily care support and emotional support.(3)Elderly persons of different occupations and genders,the number of children and living arrangements have slightly different effects on intergenerational support for the family’s care for the elderly.With the acceleration of the modernization process and changes in ideology and culture,traditional models of family pension have been affected and the culture of filial piety has become less restrictive.However,it is undeniable that consolidating family pensions is still an important measure to deal with the challenges of aging.Therefore,this article proposes to promote the traditional culture of filial piety,improve the level of rural security,encourage the school-age group to increase the fertility rate within the scope permitted by policies and laws,give appropriate preferential support policies,and encourage multiple generations to live together or live nearby.更多还原