【作者】 刘翔；

【导师】 刘华；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着“三权分置”制度改革的实施,我国的土地流转工作进一步深化,集中流转成为促进规模化经营的更优选择,同时也推进了农业现代化以及农业产业结构的调整,促进了农业供给侧结构性改革。土地流转的加快发展在带来众多利益的同时,诸多问题也随之而来,违约纠纷事件的频繁出现对土地流转市场的发展产生了不利的影响。2016年国务院下发《关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见》,指出通过设置履约保证保险的方式维护土地流转市场的发展,保障农户利益。目前,现有关于土地流转履约保证保险的文献多是基于现状及问题建议的探讨,缺乏深度的分析。本文通过对H市土地流转履约保证保险的实施效果进行分析诊断,从利益相关者的角度出发探讨政策实施过程中的不足,在切入新研究角度的同时进一步深化学术研究,丰富研究内容,为政策的完善和推行提供科学参考,同时有效地促进土地资源整合和规模化发展,对推进农业产业结构调整和加快农业农村现代化进程具有重要意义。土地流转履约保证保险自推出以来,经过初始探索、发展完善以及多地推广三个阶段,已日趋成熟。本文以H市为例开展相关的实地调查和深入访谈,基于利益相关者视角从实施效果及问题诊断两个方面对此项保险政策进行相关评估。从实施效果来看,在政府层面通过对土地流转积极性、经营主体抗风险能力以及违约风险的分析探究其是否达成预期目标;在保险公司层面通过对参保续保、赔付及收益的分析探究保险整体的实施运营状况;在村集体层面通过对参保续保、违约变化及满意度的分析探究各村的实施效果,与此同时针对村集体实施效果的差异,从经济状况、风险感知以及原有防范措施三个方面进行深入分析。从问题诊断来看,通过案例剖析的方式对客观数据分析的实施效果进行佐证,并逐层分析政府部门、保险公司以及村集体这三个利益相关者各自存在的问题和可能造成的原因,提出相关的政策建议。就承租方而言,基于对未来降低政府补贴,参保方由村集体换为承租方这种变革的考虑,对承租方参保意愿展开调查,为政策后续可能的改革方向提供可参考的依据。通过对利益相关者主体的政策实施效果分析,可以得出以下结论:首先,数据分析结果表明,政府在三年试点期间基本实现了其政策目标,土地流转积极性不断提高,其中保险实施第二年提升最为明显,违约率不断降低,并且通过对承租方准入条件的限制增强经营主体的抗风险能力;保险公司总承保面积不断增加,但新增参保面积有所下降,参保率较为一般,续保实行时间较短,续保面积较第一年大幅增长但是续保率差异不大,违约理赔较少且未出现亏损情况;村集体层面在参保率、续保率、违约改善状况以及满意度各有差异,综合四个方面来看,样本村整体实施效果可分为良好、一般、较差三个层级。其次,通过访谈及案例分析总结得知,政府部门在政策实施过程中存在的宣传力度与执行力度不够的问题;保险公司存在理赔时间过长、保险条例设置不合理等问题;村集体层面经济状况、风险感知能力与原有的防范措施是造成差异的重要原因,经济实力越强、风险感知能力越强村集体的实施效果越好,原有防范措施作用越差,保险的实施效果越好,反之亦然,并且村集体在保险的实施过程中存在对政策内容不了解、跟进不及时的问题;承租方对于先交保费后交租金的参保意愿较高,对于保费与租金同时交的参保意愿较弱。根据研究结论,提出以下建议:优化人员配置,增强监管考核力度;完善保险条例,简化理赔流程;加大宣传力度,提高村级重视程度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the implementation of the "separation of the three rights" system reform,China’s land transfer work has been further deepened,the centralized transfer has become a better choice to promote large-scale management,but also promote the modernization of agriculture and the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure,and promote the agricultural supply-side structural reform.The accelerated development of land transfer brings many benefits,but many problems also follow,the frequent occurrence of disputes in breach of contract has a negative impact on the development of land transfer market.In2016,the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Further Promoting Agricultural Supply-side Structural Reform and Accelerating the Cultivation of New Driving Forces for Agricultural and Rural Development",pointing out that the development of land transfer market should be maintained and the interests of farmers should be protected by setting up performance guarantee insurance.At present,the existing literature on the performance guarantee insurance of land transfer is mostly based on the discussion of the current situation and problems,and lacks of in-depth analysis.This article through to the H city land circulation analysis diagnosis effect of the performance guarantee insurance,discuss the shortcomings in the policy implementation process from the perspective of stakeholders,at the same time of cut into the new research angle to further deepen the academic research,enrich the research content,which can provide a scientific reference for the improvement of the policy and implementation,and effectively promote the development of the land resource integration and scale,to promote agricultural industrial structure adjustment and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization is of great significance.Since the introduction of land transfer performance guarantee insurance,it has gone through three stages of initial exploration,development and promotion in many places,and has become increasingly mature.This paper takes H City as an example to carry out relevant field survey and in-depth interview,and evaluates this insurance policy from the perspective of implementation effect and problem diagnosis from the perspective of stakeholders.From the perspective of the implementation effect,at the government level,through the analysis of the enthusiasm of land circulation,the ability of operating subjects to resist risks and the risk of default,the author explores whether it achieves the expected goal;at the level of insurance companies,the overall implementation and operation of insurance is explored through the analysis of taking insurance and renewal,compensation and benefits;at the village collective level,the implementation effect of each village was explored by analyzing the status of insurance and renewal,default change and satisfaction,at the same time,in view of the difference in the implementation effect of the village collective,an in-depth analysis is made from three aspects: economic situation,risk perception and original preventive measures.From the perspective of problem diagnosis,the implementation effect of objective data analysis is supported by case analysis,and the problems and possible causes of the three stakeholders of government departments,insurance companies and village collectives are analyzed layer by layer,and relevant policy suggestions are put forward.As far as the lessee is concerned,based on the consideration of reducing the government subsidy in the future and changing the insured party from the village collective to the lessee,the survey on the lessee’s insurance willingness is carried out to provide a reference for the possible direction of the subsequent reform of the policy.Through the analysis of the policy implementation effect of stakeholders,the following conclusions can be drawn: First of all,the data analysis results show that the government has basically achieved its policy objectives during the three-year pilot period,and the enthusiasm of land circulation has been continuously improved.In the second year of insurance implementation,the improvement is the most obvious,and the default rate has been continuously reduced.Moreover,the ability of operators to resist risks has been enhanced through the restriction of lessee’s access conditions;The total insured area of the insurance company continues to increase,but the newly insured area has decreased,the insured rate is relatively general,the implementation time of renewal is short,the renewal area has increased significantly compared with the first year,but the difference of renewal rate is small,the default claim is less and there is no loss;At the village collective level,there are differences in insurance participation rate,insurance renewal rate,default improvement situation and satisfaction.From the comprehensive perspective of four aspects,the overall implementation effect of sample villages can be divided into three levels: good,average and poor.Secondly,through interviews and case analysis,it is concluded that government departments have insufficient publicity and implementation efforts in the process of policy implementation;Insurance companies have claims for too long,insurance regulations set up unreasonable and other problems;At the village collective level,the economic status,risk perception ability and the original preventive measures are the important reasons for the differences,the stronger the economic strength,the stronger the risk awareness of the village collective effect is better,the original measures to prevent the worse,the better the effect of insurance,and vice versa,and village collective in the insurance in the process of the implementation of the policy on content don’t understand and follow up the problem of not in time;The lessee has a higher willingness to participate in insurance if the premium is paid before the rent,and a weaker willingness to participate in insurance if the premium and rent are paid simultaneously.According to the research conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward:optimize personnel allocation,strengthen supervision and assessment;Consummating insurance regulations and simplifying claims settlement process;Increase publicity and raise the attention of the village level.更多还原