【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 王彦杰； 裴宝平；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 风景园林硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 水体富营养化已经成为世界范围内普遍存在的环境问题,水体富营养化会破坏景观效果,危害人体健康,对生态环境造成了恶劣的影响。另一方面,近年来,全球变暖趋势持续,温度升高及其引起的水体咸化使水体富营养化更易发生,阻碍了水体富营养化的修复。水体富营养化的修复技术中,植物修复技术环保且成本低,是当前富营养化水体修复的研究热点;特别是利用水生观赏植物进行富营养化水体的修复,不仅具有良好净化效果,还能美化水体环境。本文以安徽省芜湖市大浦乡村世界中浦西湖上游靠近污水处理厂一带的水体富营养状况为背景,选取适生于长江流域的六种水生植物,组成六种水生观赏植物组合,首先探究了不同水生观赏植物组合对不同浓度富营养化水体的净化效果及其生长发育的响应情况,筛选出兼具生态价值和景观价值的水生观赏植物组合;其次,以筛选出的净化效果最佳植物组合为研究对象,探究其在全球变暖背景下对富营养化水体的修复效果是否以及如何受到高温及盐度的影响。为富营养化水体的修复、生态水景的植物设计,以及全球变暖趋势下水生观赏植物的配植和应用研究提供一定的参考依据。将主要研究结果总结如下:（1）六种水生观赏植物组合在不同富营养化浓度的水体中,净化效果存在差异。在低浓度富营养化水体中,黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻组和水葱+睡莲+金鱼藻组对总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、化学需氧量（COD）的去除效果好,水葱+荇菜+金鱼藻组能有效去除TN、氨氮（NH₃-N）,千屈菜+睡莲+金鱼藻组在试验后期能逐渐发挥去除TP的效果。中浓度富营养化水体中,黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻组净化TP、TN和COD效果好,而千屈菜+睡莲+金鱼藻组净化TP、NH₃-N效果以及对水体的增氧效果好;高浓度富营养化水体中,黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻组可有效去除营养盐TP、TN、NH₃-N、COD,而水葱+睡莲+金鱼藻组净化TP、TN、NH₃-N效果良好。黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻组在不同浓度富营养化水体中均有较为良好的净化效果,综合净化能力较强。试验期间,挺水植物中千屈菜长势最快;与荇菜组合的沉水植物整体上长势都弱于与睡莲组合的沉水植物,并且在低浓度富营养化水体中,挺水植物也存在类似情况,植物组合中可能存在植物间的竞争关系。（2）以净化效果最佳的水生观赏植物组合——黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻进行高温及盐度对植物修复富营养化水体影响的研究试验,研究结果表明高温和盐度对水生植物组合的生长及其净化富营养化水体的效果均有一定影响。在高温处理中,植物组合中三种植物的生长状况均较好;植物组合去除TP所受的影响较明显,对净化TN、NH₃-N和COD则影响相对较小。但在极端高温中,植物的生长在一定程度上受到极端高温胁迫的抑制作用,且植物组合对营养盐的净化效果明显不如常温组和高温组。另一方面,盐度对植物的生长有一定抑制作用,盐度越高,抑制作用越明显;高盐处理中,植物对各营养盐的净化作用受到明显的抑制;低盐处理中,该植物组合对COD有一定的净化作用,后期对TP、NH₃-N的净化效果较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water eutrophication has become a common environmental problem in the world.Water eutrophication will damage the landscape effect,endanger human health,and cause a bad impact on the ecological environment.On the other hand,in recent years,the global warming trend continues,and the rising temperature and the salinization caused by it make water eutrophication more likely to occur,which hinders the restoration of water eutrophication.Among the remediation technologies for eutrophication of water,phytoremediation is currently a research hotspot for eutrophication due to its environmental protection and low cost.Especially,the use of aquatic ornamental plants for the restoration of eutrophic water has not only good purification effect,but also beautify the water environment.In Wuhu in Anhui province Dapu Country World of upstream near the sewage treatment plant area of Puxi lake water eutrophication as the background,selecting optimum was born in six kinds of aquatic plants,the Yangtze river basin of six kinds of aquatic ornamental plants combination,first explores the different combination of aquatic ornamental plants with different concentrations of eutrophication of water body purification effect and the response of the growth and development of,The combination of aquatic ornamental plants with ecological value and landscape value was selected.Secondly,the plant combination with the best purification effect was selected as the research object to explore whether and how its restoration effect on eutrophic water under the background of global warming was affected by high temperature and salinity.It provides some reference basis for the restoration of eutrophic wate,the plant design of ecological waterscape,and the planting and application of aquatic ornamental plants under the trend of global warming.(1)The purification effects of the six aquatic ornamental plants combinations were different in different eutrophication concentrations.In the eutrophic water with low concentration,the combination of Iris pseudacorus + Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum and the combination of Scirpus validus + Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum showed good removal effect on total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN)and chemical oxygen demand(COD),while the combination of Scirpus validus + Nymphoides peltatum + Ceratophyllum demersum can effectively remove TN and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N).In the later stage of the experiment,the removal effect of TP could be gradually exerted by Lythrum salicaria + Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum.In the medium concentration eutrophication water,the combination of Iris pseudacorus +Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum has the best purifying effect on TP,TN and COD,while the combination of Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum has the best purifying effect on TP,NH3-N and the aeration effect on water.In high concentration eutrophication water,the combination group of Iris pseudacorus + Nymphaea tetragon +Ceratophyllum demersum can effectively remove the nutrients TP,TN,NH3-N and COD,while the combination of Scirpus validus + Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum has a good purification effect of TP,TN and COD.During the experiment,among the emersion plants,Lythrum salicaria grew the fastest.The growth of the submerged plants combined with Nymphoides peltatum was generally weaker than that of the submerged plants combined with Nymphaea tetragon,and a similar situation existed among the emergant plants in the eutrophic water with low concentration,suggesting that there might be a competitive relationship between plants in the plant assemblages.(2)The effects of high temperature and salinity on the phytoremediation of eutrophic water bodies were studied with the best combination of aquatic ornamental plants: Iris pseudacorus + Nymphaea tetragon + Ceratophyllum demersum The results showed that both high temperature and salinity had certain effects on the growth of aquatic plant combinations and the purification effect of eutrophic water.In the high temperature treatment,the growth status of the three plants in the plant combination is good;The effect of plant combination on the removal of TP is obvious,while the effect on the purification of TN,NH3-N and COD is relatively small.However,in the extreme high temperature,the growth of plants was inhibited by the extreme high temperature stress to some extent,and the purification effect of plant assemblages on nutrients was significantly lower than that of normal temperature group and high temperature group.On the other hand,salinity has a certain inhibition effect on plant growth.The higher the salinity,the more obvious the inhibition effect is.In the high salinity treatment,the purification effect of plant to each nutrient salt was obviously inhibited;In the low salt treatment,the plant combination has a certain purification effect on COD,and the purification effect on TP and NH3-N is better in the middle and late stage.更多还原