【作者】 陈涛；

【导师】 高志红；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 桃(Prunus persica L.)是蔷薇科李属桃亚属植物,落叶小乔木。桃原产于中国,肉质鲜美,营养丰富,是中国的主栽果树,种植面积及产量仅次于苹果和梨,排第三位。江苏是全国桃主要产区之一,栽培面积达70万亩。桃以鲜为主,其大小、外观、口感、香气等指标影响其流通渠道和品质质量。随着人们生活质量的提高,消费者对果实品质和风味的要求也日益增高,提高果实品质是果树栽培生产的首要目标之一。“湖景蜜露”水密桃,为中熟水蜜桃品种,其以本身酸甜适宜、色艳多汁和肉质可口等优秀品质,在桃市场上占据重要地位。本研究以“湖景蜜露”水蜜为对象,测定2019年无锡和常州的果实品质和果实、叶片和土壤矿质元素含量,分析比较相互之间的关系。测定2020年无锡、盐城和新沂三地的果实品质和果实、叶片和土壤矿质元素含量,分析比较地区间差异及土壤矿质元素和果实品质的相关性。因各地采样果园有限,文章结果主要针对所采样果园,为该地区其他果园提供参考。主要结果如下:1.无锡常州两地各采样果园在果实外观品质上除果实a值(果实红色)外差异不大,内在品质中可滴定酸含量和固酸比有较大的差异变异系数为21.69%和29.03%;无锡常州两地采样桃园果实间、叶片间和土壤间矿质元素含量都有较大的相关性,说明在果实中、叶片中和土壤中,各营养元素间都存在着一定的增效和拮抗关系,如果实中的K与Mn和Zn元素、叶片中的N、P、Ca、Mg元素、土壤中的N、Mg、Ca、Cu元素等,诸多元素间存在相互作用的关系;果实中矿质元素与叶片和土壤中矿质元素含量有很显著的相关性,同时叶片中矿质元素含量与土壤中的矿质元素也存在显著的相关性,但三者间元素含量没有很明显的直接影响,更多的存在一种间接关系,如土壤中K元素含量与叶片中K元素含量存在显著相关性,但对果实中K元素含量没有明显的相关性,而对果实P元素含量有较明显的相关性;无锡常州两地采样桃园果实和叶片矿质元素含量与果实品质的相关性较为显著,土壤矿质元素含量对果实品质的影响显著性不高,表明两地桃果实品质主要受果实和叶片中矿质元素协同调控,而土壤矿质元素含量与叶片和果实矿质元素含具有较强的相关性,有可能是土壤矿质元素含量影响树体营养,从而间接影响果实品质。2.敏感性分析结果表明,果实N、P、K、Mg、Fe含量对桃果实品质指标影响最大,当果实Mg含量为(0.37-0.80 g/kg),果实P含量为(1.43-1.61 g/kg),果实K含量为(8.70-14.40 g/kg),果实Fe含量为(0.045-0.165 g/kg)时,桃的单果重可显著提高;当果实P含量为(0.83-1.55 g/kg),果实Mg含量为(0.37-0.70 g/kg),果实K含量为(9.10-18.40 g/kg),果实N含量为(5.44-10.08 g/kg)时,桃的可溶性固形物含量显著增加;当果实N含量为(2.48-5.00 g/kg),果实含P量为(0.80-1.43 g/kg),果实含Mg量为(0.34-0.47 g/kg),果实含K量为(11.00-16.90 g/kg)时,桃的可滴定酸含量显著降低;当果实P含量为(0.83-1.52 g/kg),果实N含量为(2.36-5.16 g/kg),果实Mg含量为(0.31-0.80 g/kg),果实K含量为(11.00-14.70 g/kg)时,桃的固酸比显著增加。3.盐城采样果园果实的单果重为304.16 g,在三个地区里最高,新沂采样果园桃果实的可滴定酸含量最低,为0.18%,固酸比最高,为75.92。无锡采样果园果实可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量为13.66%和0.34%,含量最高;三个地区的果实、叶片和土壤矿质元素也有比较显著的差异,其中新沂地区采样桃园的果实、叶片和土壤矿质元素含量,大部分都极显著或显著低于盐城和无锡,但新沂地区采样桃园的Mn元素含量都比较高。无锡地区土壤矿质元素含量除Mn、S和Ca元素含量外都显著高于新沂地区土壤矿质元素含量,除Ca、N、Mg、S和Fe元素外,都显著高于盐城地区,盐城地区采样桃园的土壤矿质元素含量也大部分显著高于新沂。新沂地区土壤矿质元素与果实品质的相关性高于盐城地区,且不同地区存在同一个元素对同一个果实品质存在相反的相关关系,说明土壤与果实品质之间存在复杂的相关关系,并不是单纯的正负或者有无相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peach(Prunus persica L.)is a small deciduous tree of Peach subgenus Prunus in Rosaceae.Peach is originally produced in China,with delicious meat and rich nutrition.It is the main fruit tree in China,ranking the fourth in terms of planting area and yield,next only to apples,pears and oranges.Jiangsu is one of the main peach producing areas in China,with a cultivation area of 700,000 mu.Peach is mainly eaten fresh,and its size,appearance,taste,aroma and other indicators affect its sales channels and sales prices.With the improvement of people’s quality of life,consumers’ requirements for fruit quality and flavor are also increasing.Improving fruit quality is one of the primary objectives of fruit cultivation and production."Hujing honey dew" watertight peach is a medium ripe honey peach variety.It occupies an important position in the peach market because of its suitability of sweet and sour,colorful and juicy color and delicious meat quality.In this study,the fruit quality and the content of mineral elements in fruits,leaves and soil of "Hujing honey dew" in Wuxi and Changzhou in 19 years were determined,and the relationships among them were analyzed and compared.The fruit quality and the contents of fruit,leaf and soil mineral elements were measured in Wuxi,Yancheng and Xinyi in the past 20 years.The regional differences and the correlation between soil mineral elements and fruit quality were analyzed and compared.The main results are as follows:1.There was no significant difference in fruit appearance quality between the two orchards in Changzhou,Wuxi,except for the fruit A value.The content of titratable acid and the ratio of solid to acid in the internal quality had great differences,with coefficient of variation of 21.69% and 29.03%.Wuxi,changzhou and taoyuan fruit,leaf and soil between the content of mineral elements has greater relevance,explain in fruit,leaf and soil,among various nutrient elements there is a certain relationship between efficiency and antagonism,if K and Mn in the solid and zinc element,leaves of N,P,Ca,Mg element,in the soil of N,Ca,Mg,Cu element,etc.,many elements of the interaction between relationship;Content of mineral elements and mineral elements content in leaf and soil has a significant correlation,and mineral elements content in leaf and mineral elements in the soil there is significant correlation,but there is no obvious between element content directly influence,there are more of a indirect relationship,such as K element content in soil and K element content in the leaf existed significant correlation,but K element content in fruit with no obvious correlation,and correlation between content of fruit P element has the obvious;Wuxi changzhou both fruit and leaf mineral element content and the correlation of fruit quality is significant,the influence of soil mineral elements content of fruit quality significantly sex is not high,show that both Tao Guo compaction quality mainly by the fruit and leaf mineral element in the collaborative control,and mineral elements content in soil and leaf and fruit mineral elements contain strong correlation,it is possible that influence soil mineral elements content tree nutrition,thus indirectly affects fruit quality.2.The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the contents of N,P,K,Mg and Fe had the greatest effect on the peach fruit quality indexes.When the contents of Mg,P and K were(0.37-0.80 g/kg),(1.43-1.61 g/kg)and(8.70-14.40 g/kg),the contents of Mg,P and Fe were(0.37-0.80 g/kg),(1.43-1.61 g/kg)and(8.70-14.40 g/kg),the contents of N,P and Fe were(0.37-0.80 g/kg)and(1.43-1.61 g/kg),respectively.When Fe content in fruits was(0.045-0.165 g/kg),the fruit weight per peach could be significantly increased.When the fruit P content was(0.83-1.55 g/kg),the fruit Mg content was(0.37-0.70 g/kg),the fruit K content was(9.10-18.40 g/kg),and the fruit N content was(5.44-10.08 g/kg),the soluble solid content of the peach increased significantly.When the content of N,P,Mg and K in fruits were(2.48-5.00 g/kg),(0.80-1.43 g/kg),(0.34-0.47 g/kg)and(11.00-16.90g/kg),the content of titratable acid in fruits decreased significantly.When the content of P,N,Mg and K in fruits were(0.83-1.52 g/kg),(2.36-5.16 g/kg),(0.31-0.80 g/kg)and(11.00-14.70 g/kg),the ratio of solid to acid in peach was significantly increased.3.The single fruit weight of Yancheng fruit was 304.16 g,which was the highest among the three regions.The titrable acid content of Xinyi peach fruit was the lowest,0.18%,and the ratio of solid to acid was the highest,75.92.The content of soluble solids and titratable acid in Wuxi fruits were 13.66% and 0.34%,which were the highest.The fruit,leaf and soil mineral elements of the three regions are also significantly different.The mineral element contents of fruits,leaf and soil in Xinyi area are most significantly or significantly lower than those in Yancheng and Wuxi,but the element content of Mn in Xinyi area is relatively high.The contents of soil mineral elements in Wuxi area were significantly higher than those in Xinyi area except for Mn,S and Ca,and those in Yancheng area except for Ca,N,Mg,S and Fe.The contents of soil mineral elements in Yancheng area were also significantly higher than those in Xinyi area.The correlation between soil mineral elements and fruit quality in Xinyi area is higher than that in Yancheng area,and the same element in different areas has an opposite correlation with the same fruit quality,indicating that there is a complex correlation between soil and fruit quality,rather than a simple positive or negative correlation.更多还原