【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 陈劲枫；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)是世界上极具经济价值的重要蔬菜,包括了不同的食用类型。欧洲温室型黄瓜因其表皮光滑无刺或少刺等特点逐渐受到消费者的欢迎,在市场上占有重要地位。随着经济的发展,人们对黄瓜品质的需求也不断提高,黄瓜的品质研究已成为当前的研究热点。本研究以实验室保存的6个不同基因型的欧洲温室型黄瓜高代自交系为试材,探讨这类黄瓜生长发育过程中的外观品质和内部品质动态变化规律,为欧洲温室型黄瓜的适时采收提供初步指导,从而保证品质的优良。同时,在育种水平上,以这6个欧洲温室型黄瓜作为亲本,运用完全双列杂交Griffing方法四配制15个杂交组合,对14个品质性状的配合力、遗传参数、杂种优势以及性状间的相关性进行综合分析,筛选优良亲本及组合,为培育品质优良的欧洲温室型无刺黄瓜提供理论依据。具体的研究结果如下:1.欧洲温室型黄瓜果实发育及品质动态变化分析欧洲温室型黄瓜果实的生长动态呈现“慢—快—慢”的模式,在花后5-7天内增长最快,且长果类型纵径的增长幅度大于短果类型。4个内部品质在果实发育期内呈现不同的变化,可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量均随着时间增加而减少后渐趋于稳定,而可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量呈现先升后降的趋势,但短果型黄瓜可溶性糖的含量在后期有上升趋势。基于平均隶属函数法,对各黄瓜发育期内外观形态和内部品质的综合评价表明,20011S、20058S、20014S短果型黄瓜适宜在花后第9天采收,20062S、20055S、20056S长果型黄瓜适宜在花后第11天采收。2.欧洲温室型黄瓜品质性状配合力分析及杂种优势研究分析了Griffing Ⅳ配制的欧洲温室型黄瓜杂交群体品质性状的配合力、遗传参数、杂种优势及相关系数。结果表明,瓜长、果形指数、维生素C、可溶性糖等大部分品质性状存在杂种优势现象,可改善黄瓜的果形和品质。其中,瓜长、维生素C、可溶性糖含量等10个性状广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高,超过了50%,宜在早期世代选育。同时,品质性状之间的相关性分析发现,外观品质与内在品质存在一定的相关性,瓜长与维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖,果肉厚与可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖相关性显著。亲本20055S、20062S和20011S在多数品质性状上都具有较高的一般配合力效应,外观和内部品质好,单性结实能力强,有较高的育种价值;20055S×20062S、20062S×20011S、20011S×20014S分别是特殊配合力表现优异的长果型组合、中长果型组合和短果型组合,都有潜力作为品质优良的无刺类黄瓜在市场上推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is one of the most important vegetables with great economic value in the world,which includes various types.The European greenhouse type cucumber is gradually welcomed by consumers because of its smooth skin without spines or less spines,and occupies an important position in the market.With the development of economy,people’s demand for high quality cucumber is also increasing.Research on the quality of cucumber has become a hotspot.In this study,six European greenhouse cucumber high-generation inbred lines with different genotypes from our laboratory were used as experimental materials to investigate the dynamic changes of exterior quality and internal quality during the growth and development of this kind of cucumber,to provide preliminary guidance for timely harvesting of European greenhouse cucumber and guarantee quality.Meanwhile,for breeding purpose,15 cross combinations were prepared by Griffing Ⅳ with this 6 European greenhouse type cucumber inbred lines.The combining ability,genetic parameters,heterosis and the correlation among traits of 14 quality traits were analyzed to screen for fine parents and combinations,so as to provide theoretical basis for the breeding of good quality spineless cucumber.The specific research results were as follows:1.Dynamic changes of cucumber fruit development and quality in European greenhouse cucumber The growth dynamics of European greenhouse cucumber fruit showed a "slow-fast-slow" pattern,and the growth rate was the fastest in 5-7 days after anthesis,and the growth range of longitudinal diameter of long fruit types was larger than those with short fruit types.The four internal quality traits showed different changes during fruit development: the contents of soluble protein and vitamin C decreased with time and then tended to be stable,while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble solid increased firstly and then decreased,but the content of soluble sugar in short fruit cucumbers increased in the later stage.Based on the average membership function method,the comprehensive evaluation of external morphology and internal quality traits during the development period showed that 20011S,20058S,20014S short-fruited cucumbers were suitable for harvesting on the 9th day after anthesis,and 20062S,20055S,20056S long-fruited cucumbers were suitable for harvesting on the 11th day after anthesis.2.Analysis of combining ability and heterosis on quality traits of European greenhouse cucumber Combining ability,genetic parameters,heterosis and correlation coefficient of quality traits of European greenhouse cucumber hybrid population prepared by Griffing Ⅳ were analyzed.The results showed that the heterosis existed in most quality traits,such as fruit length,fruit shape index,vitamin C and soluble sugar,which could improve the shape and quality of cucumber.Among them,10 traits,such as fruit length,vitamin C and soluble sugar content,had high broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability,which is over 50%,and were suitable for breeding in early generations.At the same time,the correlation between the quality traits of the study found that there was some certain correlation between the external quality and the internal quality,fruit length and vitamin C,soluble solid,soluble sugar,fruit flesh thickness and soluble protein,soluble sugar had a greater correlation.Parents 20055S,20062S and 20011S had higher general combining ability on most quality traits,good appearance and internal quality,strong parthenocarpy ability,which had high breeding value.20055S×20062S,20062S×20011S and 20011S×20014S were the long fruit combination,medium long fruit combination and short fruit combination with excellent special combining ability.All of them had the potential to be promoted and applied in the market as good quality spinless cucumbers.更多还原