“双碳”背景下贵州林业碳汇融资模式研究

【作者】 张鹏；

【导师】 罗蓉；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 农村发展， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 习近平总书记多次提出,要实现可持续发展,必须实现碳排放峰值,并通过碳排放碳中和来实现绿色低碳,从而改善我们的生态环境。要实现“绿水青山就是金山银山”,发展林业碳汇就是人与自然和谐共生的最优解。贵州的森林覆盖率达到了62.8%左右,广袤的森林代表着贵州生态系统碳汇功能的巨大潜力。林业碳汇的发展必然离不开资金的支持,这就需要去分析梳理当前的一些林业碳汇融资模式。本文研究主要运用,文献研究法、规范分析法、案例研究法和不同模式比较分析的研究方法,通过访谈和实地调研,以公共物品理论、外部性理论和融资理论等作为指导展开研究。紧紧以林业碳汇为核心点,将规范分析研究和案例分析研究作为工具抓手,开始研究贵州林业碳汇不同融资模式之间的差异与相关点。本文首先介绍国内林业发展情况,林业的可发展性是林业碳汇项目的发展基础,再以广西、内蒙古的林业碳汇项目和三明、毕节的林业碳票做介绍,提出这两种融资模式的特点和应用,探讨林业碳汇融资模式解决外部性问题和创新点。接下来以贵州省江口县林业碳汇项目、赤水市竹林碳票、单株碳汇作为研究案例,通过实地调研和理论视角讨论这三种模式在融资过程中的特点和表现,再从树种对象选取,融资流程时长,融资审核标准,碳汇流通范围,现实认可度,五个方面分析三种融资模式之间比较差异,然后讨论哥斯达黎加、墨西哥、美国、日本这4个国家林业碳汇融资情况作为贵州林业碳汇融资的参考借鉴。最后,提出促进贵州林业碳汇融资模式的发展建议。主要包含的有,政府间接介入,建立健全的法律和制度框架,并且积极探索以市场为导向的融资模式;碳票标准统一,建立起统一的林业碳票工作基础,克服技术和政策上的障碍,把林业碳票纳入国家碳市场交易产品及抵消机制;异地碳汇可交易,提倡异地购碳,致力为全国及全球碳中和提供优良的碳汇模式和产品;CCER恢复准备,2023年3月初全国两会的召开,多位人大代表和政协委员都在会上提出了关于CCER重启的相关议题。更多还原

【Abstract】 To realize "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",the development of forestry carbon sinks is the best solution to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.The forest coverage rate in Guizhou is about 62.8%,and the vast forest represents the huge potential of Guizhou’s ecosystem as a carbon sink.The development of forestry carbon sink cannot be separated from the support of funds,so it is necessary to analyze and sort out some current financing models of forestry carbon sink.This paper mainly uses literature research method,normative analysis method,case study method and comparative analysis of different models.Through interviews and field research,the research is carried out under the guidance of public goods theory,externality theory and financing theory.With forestry carbon sink as the core point and normative analysis and case study as the tool starting point,this paper starts to study the differences and relevant points between different financing models of forestry carbon sink in Guizhou.In this paper,the development of domestic forestry is firstly introduced.The developability of forestry is the basis for the development of forestry carbon sink projects.Then,with the introduction of forestry carbon sink projects in Guangxi and Inner Mongolia and forestry carbon stamps in Sanming and Bijie,the characteristics and applications of these two financing models are put forward,and the externalities and innovations of forestry carbon sink financing models are discussed.Next,the forestry carbon sink project in Jiangkou County of Guizhou Province,bamboo carbon ticket in Chishui City,and carbon sink per plant are taken as research cases.The characteristics and performance of these three modes in the financing process are discussed through field research and theoretical perspectives.Then,the selection of tree species,financing process duration,financing review standards,carbon sink circulation scope,and realistic recognition degree are discussed.The comparative differences between the three financing modes are analyzed from five aspects,and then the forestry carbon sink financing situation of Costa Rica,Mexico,the United States and Japan is discussed as a reference for Guizhou’s forestry carbon sink financing.Finally,it puts forward some suggestions to promote the development of Guizhou forestry carbon sink financing model.It mainly includes the indirect intervention of the government,the establishment of a sound legal and institutional framework,and the active exploration of market-oriented financing mode;Unified carbon stamp standards,establish a unified forestry carbon stamp work basis,overcome technical and policy obstacles,forestry carbon stamp into the national carbon market trading products and offset mechanism;Carbon sinks in different places can be traded,promote carbon purchases in different places,and strive to provide excellent carbon sink models and products for national and global carbon neutrality;CCER recovery preparation,the National Two sessions held in early March 2023,a number of NPC deputies and CPPCC members have put forward relevant issues about the restart of CCER at the meeting.更多还原