刑事司法中电子证据取证问题研究

【作者】 张振；

【导师】 余贵忠；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 在互联网信息化时代,电子证据逐渐成为了打击网络违法犯罪的有力武器,尤其是在2012年《刑事诉讼法》将其列为法定证据之后,其在侦破刑事案件过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。但反观我国电子证据取证实践,存在着立法分散、标准混乱、隐私权保护不足等一系列问题,为推动我国电子证据取证应对现实挑战,使电子证据在实践中发挥出其应有作用,我们有必要对电子证据取证法律规范与程序衔接程度进行深入思考与分析,归纳总结其中存在的问题并作出完善,以提升取证效率,在确保案件顺利侦破的同时维护社会公平正义。本文以问题研究为导向,从电子证据的基本概念入手,明确其方式、原则及基本流程,在此基础上,分析电子证据取证立法及司法现状,系统梳理我国刑事司法中电子证据取证的最新法律修订以及立法沿革,为下文的分析论述打下了坚实的基础。探析电子证据取证过程中法律规制和实践操作规范方面所暴露出来的问题,笔者总结对比美国、加拿大、德国、法国在电子证据领域的优秀制度,并基于此总结出对我国的启示。借鉴域外国家有益经验并结合我国刑事司法电子证据取证现状存在的问题提出相应的完善建议。具体而言:首先在立法完善方面,要将立法体系化,建立统一的电子证据取证规则、整合并明确取证标准、贯穿私权保护原则,以构建完善的电子证据取证法律规制;其次在程序规则完善方面,要建立严格的非法电子证据排除规则并放宽电子证据原件认定规则以完善取证程序;最后在监督保障方面,通过建立电子证据司法审查制度、电子技术专家参与取证制度和加强外部监督和权利保障三方面以消除取证行为不规范等实务问题,从而使我国刑事电子证据取证更加规范。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the era of Internet information technology,especially after the Criminal Procedure Law listed electronic evidence as statutory evidence in 2012,electronic evidence has gradually become a powerful weapon to fight cyber crimes.It plays an increasingly important role in the investigation of criminal cases.However,in our practice of electronic forensics,there exist a series of problems such as scattered legislation,chaotic standards and insufficient privacy protection.In order to promote electronic evidence collection to meet the realistic challenges and make electronic evidence play its due role in practice,it is necessary to deeply think and analyze the degree of convergence of legal norms and procedures of electronic evidence collection,sum up the existing problems and improve them.Improve the efficiency of evidence collection,safeguard social fairness and justice,and ensure the successful conclusion of cases.Based on the basic concept of electronic evidence,this paper expounds the method,principle and basic process of electronic evidence.On this basis,the legislative and judicial status quo of electronic forensics is analyzed,and the latest legal amendment and legislative evolution of electronic forensics in Chinese criminal justice are systematically reviewed,which lays a solid foundation for the analysis and discussion below.It also analyzes the problems exposed in the legal provisions and practical operation norms in the process of electronic forensics.The author summarizes and compares the excellent systems of the United States,Canada,Germany and France in the electronic evidence field,and on this basis summarizes the enlightenment to our country.According to the useful experience abroad and the problems existing in the current situation of electronic evidence collection in criminal justice,the paper puts forward some corresponding suggestions.Specifically,in terms of legislative improvement,it is necessary to institutionalize legislation,establish unified rules for electronic forensics,integrate and clarify forensics standards,run through the principle of private rights protection,and construct perfect legal norms for electronic forensics.Secondly,in the aspect of improving procedural rules,strict rules should be established to exclude illegal electronic evidence,relax the original electronic evidence identification rules,and improve the forensics procedure.Finally,in terms of supervision and protection,by establishing the judicial review system of electronic evidence,the system of electronic technical experts participating in evidence collection,and strengthening external supervision and rights protection,we eliminate the practical problems of irregular behavior of evidence collection,so as to make our criminal electronic evidence collection more standardized.更多还原