【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 李朝东；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 外国哲学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 胡塞尔的创造性贡献在于揭示了最令人惊奇的意识的神秘性,对意识对象的全部“意识样式”进行分析是胡塞尔哲学工作的目标之一。在所有的意识行为中,最具奠基性的意识行为是“直观行为”,虽然对“直观行为”的分析只是作为胡塞尔意识分析的一个实际范例,但却是至关重要的一部分,因为整个意识行为的大厦都建立在直观行为的基础之上,只有搞清楚最原初的、简单的、最具有奠基性的意识行为才有可能理解奠基于其上的高层次和复杂的行为。尤其是对于感知和想象的关系问题以及它们的认识论意义在胡塞尔的哲学研究中占据着重要地位。本研究通过对《想象,图像意识,回忆》《逻辑研究》《观念I》等文本的研究,以及相关的国内外二手文献中关于“感知与想象”内容的研读,并且在此基础上对国内外前沿且具有研究价值的最新成果的比较,分析胡塞尔的感知、想象、回忆和图像意识相互关系解释的新视角,以及感知与想象的认识论意义。本研究试图对“现象学的感知和想象行为的关系问题”做一个多角度的、系统的探讨和分析。通过对意识行为理论中奠基关系的分析可知,“想象奠基在感知的基础上”,关于这个问题,施通普夫和布伦塔诺都做出了解释。但胡塞尔认为,施通普夫只是从强度、易逝性的方面做出解释,缺乏现象学的分析;布伦塔诺的分析中缺乏客体化立义的概念。在《想象,图像意识,回忆》中,胡塞尔认为,想象和图像意识中都涉及到一个具有代现功能的图像,因此,可以将想象表象包括在图像表象的范围内;又由于在想象表象中,确实有感觉作为立义内容,就像在观看图像时发生的那样,然而,立义的结果并不是一种感知,因此从图像显现的视角,对感知显现和想象显现进行区分。接着,通过对内时间意识的分析,即对原生回忆和次生回忆的区分,澄清感知与想象之间的本质区别。根据以上对感知和想象的特征描述,它们两者的关系也体现在认识论中,通过感知获得感性的材料,但是,感知仅限于对个体对象的充实,在对事物关系、实事状态等等普遍的本质的把握中,就不仅仅是感知在其中起作用了,在这里想象比感知更具有绝对优势。感觉与想象之间的关系是辩证的,它们既相互区别又互相关联,这两者是人的认识活动不可缺少的前提和条件,在人的认识活动中,感觉离不开想象,想象也离不开感觉。厘清它们之间的关系,将有利于建立起一门作为严格科学的哲学,为科学奠基,最终有助于科学、哲学摆脱危机。更多还原

【Abstract】 Husserl’s creative contribution is to reveal the most surprising mystery of consciousness,and the analysis of all the "patterns of consciousness" of the objects of consciousness is one of the goals of Husserl’s philosophical work.Among all act,the most foundational act is "intuitive act".Although the analysis of "intuitive act" is only a practical example of Husserl’s conscious analysis,it is a crucial part,because the whole edifice of conscious act is built on the basis of intuitive act.Only by understanding the most primitive,simple,and foundational acts of consciousness can it be possible to understand the high-level and complex acts based on them.In particular,the relationship between perception and phantasy and their epistemological significance occupy an important position in Husserl’s philosophical research.This study studied the texts of 《phantasy,Image Consciousness,Memory》,《Logical Investigations》,《Ideen 1》,as well as the relevant domestic and foreign secondary literature on the content of "perception and phantasy",and on this basis,compared the latest achievements at home and abroad with research value.This paper analyzes Husserl’s new perspective on the relationship between perception,phantasy,memory and image consciousness,and the epistemological significance of perception and phantasy.This study attempts to make a multi-angle and systematic discussion and analysis of "the relationship between phenomenological perception and phantasy act".Through the analysis of the foundation relation in the theory of act,it can be seen that "imagination is based on perception",about which Stumpf and Brentano have made explanations.But Husserl believed that Stumpf only made explanations from the aspects of strength and perishability,and lacked phenomenological analysis.Brentano’s analysis lacks the concept of objectification.In 《 phantasy,Image Consciousness,Memory》,Husserl believes that phantasy and image consciousness both involve an image with the function of representation,so the phantasy can be included in the scope of image presentation.And since there is indeed perception in the phantasy as the content of the apprehension,just like what happens when watching the image,however,the result of the apprehension is not a kind of perception,so from the perspective of image appearance,perceptual appearance and phantasy are distinguished.Then,through the analysis of internal time consciousness,namely the distinction between primary recall and secondary recall,the essential difference between perception and phantasy is clarified.According to the above description of the characteristics of perception and imagination,the relationship between them is also reflected in epistemology.Perceptual materials can be obtained through perception.However,perception is limited to the fullfilling of individual objects,in the grasp of the general nature of the relationship between things,the actual state and so on,it is not only perception that plays a role.Here,phantasy has an absolute advantage over perception.The relationship between perception and phantasy is dialectical,they are different from each other and interrelated,the two are indispensable premise and condition of human cognition activities,in human cognition activities,perception is inseparable from phantasy,phantasy is inseparable from perception.Clarifying the relationship between them will help to establish a philosophy as a strict science,lay the foundation for science,and finally help to make science and philosophy out of crisis.更多还原