【作者】 金鑫；

【导师】 马雪松；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 自党的十八大以来,我国在打击腐败方面取得了巨大进展,积累了颇多经验。反腐败斗争作为我们党最彻底的自我革命,被看作是我们党新时代进行的伟大斗争中的关键一役,但与此同时我们也应注意到腐败现象仍然存在,且在部分层面存在数量较多的现象。腐败作为一个交叉着多群体与多种成因的社会问题,一直困扰着人们,腐败现象的频发会影响人民群众对党和政府的信任,不利于社会良好的治理。对此,世界各国的学者们结合政治学、管理学、经济学、法学等各学科理论寻求解决腐败问题的成因及办法,形成了一套系统的解决腐败问题的措施,其中有许多宝贵经验值得我们借鉴。但随着经济社会的不断发展,腐败的形式与种类也发生了多样变化,传统的反腐败措施已不足够应付当前多变的腐败手段,需结合社会实际加以改良。当前乡科级及以下级别的腐败数量较多,大致可分为侵占冒领类、公款私存类、权钱交易类、懒政怠政类、优亲厚友类以及涉黑涉恶类。农村基层干部“微腐败”具有以权谋私和违背道德习俗的突出表现,具有多发性、多样性、群体性、微小性等特点。“微腐败”是由小微权力引起的,本质上是公权力的异化,如果小微权力过度集中而超越特定范围,则会增加农村基层干部中饱私囊等腐败行为。目前农村基层干部“微腐败”防治过程中存在的主要问题有,惠农项目里存在侵占冒领、农村基层干部党性修养不够扎实、自利心理催生权钱交易、部分干部政绩观错位、农村过度的人情关系致使制度执行不力。农村基层干部“微腐败”的形成与行政和自治边界模糊、监督不力、法治和制度失灵等客观因素有关,农村基层干部具有多重身份,是一个干部的同时也是一个“经济人”,当制度失灵时,“经济人”身份可能会促使其不再严格遵守行为规范,容易利用手中的权力为自己谋利,腐败行为开始产生。腐败的形成也与德治缺位、治理主体廉洁意识不强以及形式主义、官僚主义等的盛行有关,当“理性”占据主动时,农村基层干部的思想容易发生偏移,在自利心理的作用下,“搭便车”、寻租现象极易出现。农村基层干部的经济收入水平低也会诱发他们的不平衡心理,进而导致“微腐败”的发生。为有效治理农村基层干部“微腐败”并防止腐败现象的再一次发生,可从以下几方面进行尝试,一是加强农村基层干部权力运行制约机制,建立农村多主体监督预防体系、完善农业农村相关法律法规、构建农村基层干部精准问责体系、完善激励机制。二是强化农村群众监督主体意识,拓宽人民群众反映意见和建议的渠道、构建村内良好的协商方式、加强农村群众普法宣传与村内舆论监督。三是完善农村基层干部的廉政教育,加强农村基层干部党纪国法教育与廉洁文化建设、常态化开展农村基层干部家风建设等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 18 th Communist Party of China(CPC)National Congress,China has made remarkable achievements and accumulated important experience in the fight against corruption.The fight against corruption,as the most thorough self revolution of our party,is seen as a crucial battle in the great struggle of our party in the new era.However,at the same time,we should also note that corruption still exists and there are a large number of phenomena at some levels.Corruption,as a social problem that intersects multiple groups and causes,has always troubled people.The frequent occurrence of corruption can affect people’s trust in the Party and government,which is not conducive to good social governance.Scholars from various countries around the world have combined theories from various disciplines such as politics,management,economics,and law to seek solutions to the causes and methods of corruption,forming a systematic set of measures to solve corruption problems.There are many valuable experiences worth learning from.However,with the continuous development of the economy and society,the forms and types of corruption have also undergone diverse changes.Traditional anti-corruption measures are no longer sufficient to cope with the current changing corruption methods,and need to be improved in combination with social reality.It is understood that there are currently a large number of corruption at the township level and below,which can be roughly divided into embezzlement of others’ property,public funds and private deposits,power and money transactions,failure to fulfill responsibilities seriously,and preferentially treatment for relatives and friends.The "micro corruption" in rural areas has the prominent performance of "seeking personal gain by power" and violating moral customs,and has the characteristics of multiplicity,diversity,group,and smallness."Micro corruption" is caused by micro power,which is essentially the alienation of public power.If the small and micro power is excessively concentrated and goes beyond a specific range,it will increase the corruption of rural grassroots cadres,such as filling their pockets.At present,the main problems in the prevention and control process of "micro corruption" among rural grassroots cadres include,embezzlement and false claims in benefiting farmers projects,insufficient party spirit cultivation of rural grassroots cadres,self interest psychology promoting power and money transactions,misplaced political performance views of some cadres,and inadequate implementation of the system due to excessive human relations in rural areas.The formation of "micro corruption" of rural grassroots cadres is related to objective factors such as the blurring of administrative and autonomous boundaries,weak supervision,failure of the rule of law and system,etc.Rural grassroots cadres have multiple identities.They are not only a cadre but also the "economic man".When the system fails,the "economic man" identity will make them no longer strictly abide by the code of conduct,and it is easy to use their power to make profits for themselves.Corruption begins to occur.The formation of corruption is also related to the lack of moral governance,weak awareness of integrity among governance subjects,and the prevalence of formalism and bureaucracy.When "rationality" takes the initiative,the thinking of rural grassroots cadres is prone to deviation.Under the influence of self-interest psychology,"free rider" and rent-seeking phenomena are extremely easy to occur.The low economic income level of rural grassroots cadres can also trigger their imbalanced psychology,leading to the occurrence of "micro corruption".In order to effectively control the "micro corruption" of rural grassroots cadres and prevent the recurrence of corruption,attempts can be made from the following aspects,1.Strengthen the mechanism for restricting the power operation of rural grassroots cadres,establish a multi subject supervision and prevention system in rural areas,improve laws and regulations related to agriculture and rural areas,build a precise accountability system for rural grassroots cadres,and improve incentive mechanisms.2.Strengthen the awareness of the rural masses as the main body of supervision,broaden the channels for the people to reflect their opinions and suggestions,construct good consultation methods within the village,and strengthen the promotion of law popularization and public opinion supervision among the rural masses.3.Improve the education of clean governance for rural grassroots cadres,strengthen the education of party discipline,national laws,and the construction of a clean culture for rural grassroots cadres,and regularly carry out the construction of their family style.更多还原