【作者】 李静；

【导师】 侯红霞；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 马克思主义理论， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 重“德”是我们中华文化源远流长的优良传统,树“德”对推动全社会公民道德建设起关键作用。纵观当前社会,道德缺失与滑坡现象依然存在,对我国当前的道德发展来说依旧是一个巨大的挑战。马克思有关道德方面的论述,在马克思思想体系中有着不容忽视的地位,蕴藏着较为全面且系统的理论智慧,研究其生成脉络并深入挖掘所蕴含的当代价值,对当前我国社会主义道德建设具有指导和借鉴意义。本文立足于唯物史观,以《马克思恩格斯全集》为文本,通过对马克思在道德方面的论述进行详细的分析与梳理,归纳和概括出马克思在中学、大学及毕业之后的不同时期、不同阶段的道德立场与观点,力求清楚地展现马克思道德观的生成脉络,并探寻其背后蕴含的当代价值。本文共有六个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要论述文章选题的目的和意义、目前国内外的研究进展、研究内容和方法等;第二部分为1818-1835年马克思的神学道德观,主要论述马克思在童年和中学时期,受家庭和学校基督教浓厚氛围的影响,认为道德源于人们对神的爱,道德的本质是人与神相结合,此时他的道德观具有一定的神学色彩;第三部分为1836-1842年马克思的理性主义道德观,主要论述马克思在大学和《莱茵报》工作时期,在德国古典哲学家思想的影响下产生的无神论观点,他不再从神的角度而是从人的角度出发去探讨道德的起源和本质,认为道德源于理性意志,并独立于宗教而存在;第四部分为1843-1844年马克思的人本唯物主义道德观,主要论述马克思在费尔巴哈人本主义的影响下,不再从理性的角度去探讨道德,而是更多的采用外在的、批判性的方式去表达自己的道德观点,指出道德源于人作为“社会存在物”的类,是其道德观向唯物主义转变的关键阶段;第五部分为1845-1883年马克思的历史唯物主义道德观,主要论述马克思通过对唯物主义的进一步探讨,与费尔巴哈思想彻底划清界限,从历史唯物主义视域下,对道德的起源、前提、基础、动力及其终极目标进行详细的阐述,标志着其历史唯物主义道德观的最终确立;第六部分为马克思历史唯物主义道德观的当代价值,主要从理论和实践两个层面对其进行阐述,对当前我国社会主义道德建设以及个人正确道德观的塑造具有重要的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Attaching importance to "morality" is a long-standing fine tradition of our Chinese culture.Cultivating "morality" plays a key role in promoting the construction of civic morality in the whole society.Throughout the present society,the lack of morality and the landslide phenomenon still exist,causing our country’s moral education situation to face severe challenges.As an indispensable part of Marxist theoretical system,Marxist morality contains a rich ideological wisdom,and it has a guidance and reference significance to the research context of its formation and a deep study of its contemporary value,which will provide a guide to construction of Chinese characteristic socialism morality.Based on the materialist view of history,take the Complete Works of Marx and Engels as the text and sorts out Marx’s moral content in detail,summarizes and summarizes Marx’s moral stance and views in different periods and stages in middle school,university and after graduation,and strives to clearly show the formation of Marx’s moral view and explore the contemporary value behind it.This article has six parts: the first part is the preface,including the purpose and significance of the topic,research status at home and abroad,research content,research methods,innovation points and shortcomings;The second part is about Marx’s theological and moral views from1818-1835,which mainly discusses Marx’s childhood and middle school,under the influence of the strong Christian atmosphere at home and school,thought that morality originated from people’s love for God,and the essence of morality was the combination of man and God.At this time,his moral views had a certain theological color;The third part is about Marx’s rationalist moral view from 1836 to 1842,which mainly discusses Marx’s atheism under the influence of German classical philosophers when he was working in university and Rheinische Zeitung.Marx no longer discusses the origin and nature of morality from the perspective of God but from the perspective of man,and believes that morality comes from rational will,and exists independently of religion;The fourth part is about Marx’s humanistic materialist moral view from 1843-1844.It mainly discusses that Marx,under the influence of Feuerbach’s humanism,no longer discusses morality from a rational perspective,but expresses his own moral views in more external and critical ways,pointing out that morality comes from human being as a kind of "social being".It is the key stage of the transformation from moral view to materialism.The fifth part is Marx’s historical materialist moral view from 1845 to 1883.It mainly discusses that Marx made a clear distinction with Feuerbach’s thought through further exploration of materialism,and elaborated the origin,essence,premise,foundation and ultimate goal of morality in detail,marking the final formation of Marx’s historical materialist moral view.The sixth part is divided into the contemporary value of Marx’s historical materialism moral view,mainly from the theoretical and practical two aspects of the value of Marx’s historical materialism moral view,which has important reference significance for the current construction of Chinese characteristics of socialism and the formation of individual correct moral view.更多还原