【作者】 刘威；

【导师】 胡海波；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 人是全部哲学的本质与奥秘,但马克思之前的哲学家,无论是黑格尔还是费尔巴哈都是采用某种抽象的思维方式来理解人,陷入了“抽象的人”的思想困境中。马克思也研究人,但与他们不同的是,马克思对于人及其本质的研究不是在纯粹思想领域发生的,而是在现实的社会革命、现实的人的活动和人的现实社会关系的历史性考察中进行的,并且将“现实的人”及其历史发展的精神贯穿到他自己的著作中。基于此,本文以《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》这一文本为抓手,试图研究马克思是在何种意义上实现从“抽象的人”到“现实的人”哲学革命的。除引言外,本篇论文主要包括以下三个部分:第一部分旨在说明马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中对“抽象的人”的批判。首先,阐述费尔巴哈关于“人”的观点以及马克思对费尔巴哈“现实的人”的观点的批判,重点论述费尔巴哈“现实的人”的观点在何种意义上仍然具有抽象性。其次,结合文本第一条内容,补充阐述黑格尔“人”的观点以及马克思对黑格尔“抽象的人”的批判。第二部分结合《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》十一条内容,通过实践性、社会性、革命性三重维度详细阐发“现实的人”的思想内涵,为把握马克思哲学革命的价值理想、思想境界与实践追求奠定理论基础。第三部分说明马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中所实现的“现实的人”的哲学革命。将哲学思维方式的变革作为切入点,将马克思从“理性”“感性”到“实践”,从“解释世界”到“改变世界”的超越作为理论研究的生长点,说明马克思对德国古典哲学乃至于整个西方哲学在“人”这一方面的彻底变革,彰显马克思从“抽象的人”到“现实的人”哲学革命的理论制高点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Man is the essence and mystery of all philosophy,but philosophers before Marx,whether Hegel or Feuerbach,used some abstract way of thinking to understand man and fell into the ideological dilemma of "abstract man".Philosophers before Marx,whether Hegel or Feuerbach,used some abstract way of thinking to understand people and fell into the ideological dilemma of "abstract man".Marx also studied people,but unlike them,Marx’s research on people and their essence did not take place in the field of pure thought,but in the historical investigation of the real social revolution,the real human activities and the real social relations of people,and he put the spirit of "realistic man" and their historical development into his own works.Based on this,this article takes the text Theses on Feuerbach as the starting point,attempting to study the meaning in which Marx achieved the philosophical revolution from "abstract man" to "realistic man".In addition to the introduction,this paper mainly includes the following three parts:The first part aims to illustrate Marx’s criticism of "abstract man" in his Theses on Feuerbach.Firstly,elaborate on Feuerbach’s viewpoint on "man" and Marx’s critique of Feuerbach’s viewpoint on "realistic man",with a focus on discussing to what extent Feuerbach’s viewpoint on "realistic man" still holds abstraction.Secondly,in conjunction with the first article of the text,supplement and elaborate on Hegel’s viewpoint on "man" and Marx’s criticism of Hegel’s "abstract man".The second part,combined with the eleven articles of Theses on Feuerbach,elaborates on the ideological connotation of "realistic man" through the three dimensions of practicality,sociality,and revolution,laying a theoretical foundation for grasping the value ideals,ideological realm,and practical pursuit of Marxist philosophical revolution.The third part explains the philosophical revolution of "Realistic man" achieved by Marx in his Theses on Feuerbach.Taking the transformation of philosophical thinking mode as the starting point,taking Marx’s transcendence from "rationality","sensibility",to "practice",and from "explaining the world" to "changing the world" as the growth point of theoretical research,it illustrates Marx’s thorough transformation of German ancient philosophy and even the whole Western philosophy in the aspect of "man",and highlights the theoretical commanding height of Marx’s philosophical revolution from "abstract man" to "realistic man".更多还原