【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 张建林；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 风景园林学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市的快速发展,居民生活水平逐步提高,人们越来越关注健康问题,对运动健身空间的需求越来越大,并且追求更加舒适的运动环境。此时,城市中的边角地、闲置地的价值就体现出来了。2018年重庆市政府提出利用中心城区建成区的边角地建设体育文化公园,为居民打造休闲健身场所,同时提高城市绿量。为此,如何在设计出具有鲜明特色的微型体育公园的同时,提供舒适的运动环境,成为设计师和管理者需要思考、解决的问题。以运动休闲环境舒适度作为重庆市微型体育文化公园设计研究的出发点,对微型体育公园舒适性设计与评价的基础理论进行整理和总结,分析环境舒适度的影响因素,归纳总结前人提出的舒适性设计途径。结合相关研究,对已经投入使用的具有代表性的重庆微型体育文化公园进行调研。采用层次分析法构建运动休闲环境舒适度评价体系。利用所得到的评价体系对重庆安家咀体育文化公园、凤鸣体育文化公园、回龙桥体育文化公园、丹龙体育文化公园和回龙湾体育文化公园的运动休闲环境舒适度进行评价、分析,提出基于舒适度评价的微型体育文化公园设计途径,由此得到以下结论:(1)重庆已建成的第一批微型体育文化公园现状特征:主要功能是为周围居民提供健身运动、休闲娱乐的空间,场地不规则。公园的绿地率平均值为51.8%,绿化覆盖率平均值为59.0%,硬质场地占比平均值为44.4%。公园内的运动设施以篮球场、羽毛球场、乒乓球场、健身器材为主,健身器材是每个公园的基本设施。座椅的形式有树池座凳、钢材座椅和木材座椅。公园运动场地的铺装均符合相关运动场地的要求,其他活动场地的铺装以透水铺装为主。公园的植物种类主要以重庆的乡土植物和驯化的园林植物为主,但公园内缺少观花植物,植物后期养护管理较好。部分微型体育文化公园也存在一些问题,如休息设施的设置数量不够,位置不合理;场地绿化覆盖率低,影响游人使用舒适度;环境卫生、植物景观、健身器材的维护不到位,导致环境卫生差、植物景观效果不理想、健身器材存在安全隐患等。(2)对所选5个微型体育文化公园进行实地调研,收集场地要素、微气候数据和调查游人舒适度评价数据。通过问卷显示游人主要为女性,大部分游人为上班族和离退休人群;超过80%的游人步行来公园,花费20分钟左右的时间,主要是居住在公园1000m范围内;大部分游人每天来公园一次,超过40%的游人停留时间为1-2小时,来公园健身的人最多。微气候检测数据显示空气温度在14:00-16:00达到峰值。公园与城市道路毗邻,交通噪音是公园环境噪音的主要来源,但是场地均有阻隔噪音的措施。公园的功能划分为为休闲活动区、球类运动区、健身活动区和儿童活动区,以体育运动和健身为主;活动场地多为高程不同的台地,采用透水铺装,空间多为半围合型,植物以乔灌或者乔草搭配为主,落叶树木较少。(3)影响公园运动休闲环境舒适度的主要因子是气候因素(温度、湿度、太阳辐射、风速)、景观构成要素(植物、地形、水体、构筑物、硬质铺地、服务设施)以及空间围合度和声环境等。(4)重庆微型体育文化公园运动休闲环境舒适度评价体系准则层的重要性排序为:场地微气候(0.3828)>场地规划(0.2553)>场地施工与维护(0.1816)>场地设计(0.1804)。根据最终的评价体系权重计算结果,得到重要性排前十的指标为:温度(0.1601),环境噪音(0.1195),热辐射(0.0784),湿度(0.0750),场地绿化覆盖率(0.0589),场地布局(0.0511),植物养护程度(0.0507),场地排水通畅性(0.0477),场地平整度(0.0443),场地铺装材质(0.0430)。(5)对所选5个微型体育文化公园运动休闲环境各季度舒适度评价综合平均得分由高到低依次排序为:回龙桥体育文化公园(4.302)、回龙湾体育文化公园(4.265)、凤鸣体育文化公园(4.261)、安家咀体育文化公园(4.235)、丹龙体育文化公园(4.205)。从评价指标得分和现状调研分析来看,目前重庆微型体育文化公园运动休闲环境设计在舒适度方面存在的问题是:空气洁净度低;公园绿地率低,硬质活动场地少,公园的地形处理未顺应原有地形,体育运动场地不符合相关规范,健身器材数量少、类型少,放置的位置存在安全隐患;场地空间围合度低、私密性弱,运动休闲场地的绿化覆盖率低,提供的遮荫场地少,休息设施材质、放置的位置不合理;场地清洁度差,植物后期养护管理不到位等。(6)基于对微型体育文化公园运动休闲环境舒适度的评价结果,针对重庆微型体育文化公园的运动休闲舒适性规划设计,从规划、设计、施工与管理层面提出设计策略,以期提高微型体育文化公园的运动休闲舒适性,提升微型体育文化公园的活力,进而充分发挥其社会服务能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of cities and the gradual improvement of residents’ living standards,people are paying more and more attention to health issues,and the demand for sports and fitness space is increasing,in pursuit of a more comfortable sports environment.At this time,the value of marginal land and idle land in the city is reflected.92 community sports and cultural parks will be built in the corners of the built-up areas in the central city of Chongqing to create leisure and fitness places for residents,and at the same time increase the urban green quantity.Therefore,how to design a miniature sports park with distinctive features and provide a comfortable sports environment is a problem that needs to be considered and solved.Taking the comfort of sports and leisure environment as the starting point of the design and research of Chongqing Sports Culture Park,this paper arranges and summarizes the basic theory of comfort design and evaluation of miniature Sports Park,analyzes the influencing factors of environmental comfort,and summarizes the comfort design approaches proposed by predecessors.Combined with relevant research,this paper investigates and collects data on the representative Chongqing miniature sports culture park that has been put into use.The evaluation system is used to evaluate and analyze the comfort of sports and leisure environment in Anjiaju Sports Culture Park,Fengming Sports Culture Park,Huilongqiao Sports Culture Park,Danlong Sports Culture Park and Huilongwan Sports Culture Park in Chongqing.This paper puts forward the design approach of miniature Sports Culture Park Based on comfort evaluation,which can better guide the planning and design of Sports Culture Park,in order to improve the service ability of Sports Culture Park.So as to reach the following conclusions:(1)Characteristics of the current situation of the first batch of miniature Sports Culture Parks built in Chongqing: The main function is to provide the surrounding residents with fitness and leisure space,the site is irregular.The average greening rate of the park is 51.8%,the average greening coverage rate is 59.0%,and the average hard site is 44.4%.The sports facilities in the park are mainly basketball courts,badminton courts,table tennis courts and fitness equipment,and fitness equipment is the basic facilities of each park.The forms of seats include tree pool seat stool,steel seat and wood seat.The pavement of the park sports venues meets the requirements of relevant sports venues,and the pavement of other activity venues is mainly permeable pavement.The plant species in the park are mainly native plants and domesticated garden plants of Chongqing,but there is a lack of ornamental plants in the park.Good maintenance and management of plants in later period.There are also some problems in some miniature sports and cultural parks,such as insufficient number of rest facilities and unreasonable location;The low green coverage rate of the site affects visitors’ comfort.Poor maintenance of environment,plant landscape and fitness equipment lead to poor environmental sanitation,unsatisfactory plant landscape effect and potential safety hazards of fitness equipment.(2)Field research was conducted on the selected 5 miniature Sports Culture Parks to collect site elements,microclimate data and questionnaire survey.The questionnaire shows that the tourists are mainly women,and their occupations are office workers and retirees.More than 80% of visitors come to the park on foot and spend about 20 minutes,mainly living within 1000 m of the park.Most visitors come to the park once a day.More than 40% of visitors stay for 1-2 hours,and the most people come to the park for fitness.The microclimate detection data show that the air temperature reaches the peak from14:00 to 16:00.The park is adjacent to urban roads.Traffic noise is the main source of environmental noise in the park,but the site has noise blocking measures.The function of the park is divided into leisure activity area,ball games area,fitness activity area and children’s activity area.Most of the activity sites are terraces with different elevations,which are paved with permeable pavement.The space is mostly semi enclosed.The plants are mainly arbor shrubs or trees and grass,with a small number of deciduous trees.(3)The main factors that affect the comfort degree of park sports and leisure environment are climate factors(temperature,humidity,solar radiation,wind speed),landscape elements(plants,terrain,water,structures,hard paving,service facilities),space enclosure degree and harmony environment,etc.(4)The order of importance of the criterion layer of the comfort evaluation system of sports and leisure environment in Chongqing miniature Sports Culture Park is: site microclimate(0.3828)> site planning(0.2553)> site construction and maintenance(0.1816)> site design(0.1804).According to the final weight calculation results of the evaluation system,the top ten indexes of importance are: temperature(0.1601),environmental noise(0.1195),thermal radiation(0.0784),humidity(0.0750),site greening coverage(0.0589),site layout(0.0511),plant maintenance degree(0.0507),site drainage smoothness(0.0477),site flatness(0.0443),and site pavement material(0.0430).(5)The comprehensive average score of the quarterly comfort evaluation of the sports and leisure environment of the selected 5 miniature sports culture parks is ranked from high to low as follows: Huilongqiao Sports Culture Park(4.302),Huilongwan Sports Culture Park(4.265),Fengming Sports Culture Park(4.261),An Jia Zui Sports Culture Park(4.235),Danlong Sports Culture Park(4.205).From the evaluation index score and current situation investigation and analysis,the problems existing in the comfort of the sports leisure environment design of Chongqing miniature Sports Culture Park mainly include the following contents.Low air cleanliness.The green space rate of the park is low,there are few hard activity venues,the terrain treatment of the park does not comply with the original terrain,the sports venues do not comply with relevant specifications,the number and type of fitness equipment are small,and the location has potential safety hazards.The site has low spatial enclosure,weak privacy,low green coverage of sports and leisure venues,few shading venues,and unreasonable material and location of rest facilities.The cleanliness of the site is poor,and the maintenance and management of plants in the later stage is not in place.(6)Based on the evaluation results of the comfort of the sports and leisure environment of the miniature Sports Culture Park,this paper puts forward the design strategies from the aspects of planning,design,construction and management.In order to improve the sports and leisure comfort of the miniature Sports Culture Park,enhance the vitality of the miniature Sports Culture Park,and then give full play to its social service ability.更多还原