【作者】 王霞；

【导师】 陈璐；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济社会发展的持续转型,城市地区人地矛盾日益突出。同时,农村常住人口不断减少、农村建设用地闲置废弃、宅基地超标建设等现象不断显现,引发了日趋严重的“乡村病”。因此,本文选取拜泉县作为研究区,利用拜泉县DEM数据、村庄地籍数据库和实地调研数据,建立了以行政村为单元的地理空间和社会经济综合数据库,采用空间自相关和多元逐步回归分析等方法,分析了研究区农村宅基地闲置现状和影响宅基地闲置的主导影响因素,揭示了拜泉县农村闲置宅基地的分布规律及其形成原因。在此基础上,通过分析研究区闲置宅基地再利用情况以及障碍因素,探索国内典型农村闲置宅基地再利用模式,本文提出了针对研究区闲置宅基地的再利用对策建议,以充分发挥农村宅基地的价值,科学管理和利用农村闲置宅基地。本文主要研究结果如下:(1)本文研究发现拜泉县农村宅基地面积超标严重且闲置率相对较高。根据相关数据显示,研究区户均宅基地规模远超规定标准,超标宅基地数量达总量的95%,且宅基地闲置率高达25%,相当一部分宅基地处于完全闲置状态,宅基地闲置、废弃率较高,利用效率较低。(2)本文研究发现拜泉县农村闲置宅基地存在明显的区域差异性。通过调查研究区内186个行政村,发现研究区宅基地闲置率差异很大,具体可分为五个类型。整体来看,研究区平原地区宅基地平均闲置率相对较低,丘陵山地区宅基地平均闲置率相对较高。(3)本文研究发现拜泉县农村闲置宅基地具有较强的空间集聚性。热点主要分布在兴农镇、兴华乡、时中乡、拜泉镇和三道镇,冷点主要分布在西部及西南部平原地带。同时,通过聚类和异常值分析,发现研究区存在11个农村宅基地闲置率异常值村。其中,6个村庄表现出高-低集聚的特点,5个村庄表现出低-高集聚的特点。(4)本文研究发现拜泉县农村宅基地闲置影响因素具有明显的因子指向性。根据偏相关系数和逐步回归分析结果,本文认为农村宅基地的闲置是自然资源条件、经济发展状况和土地利用状况综合作用的结果。不同因素对宅基地的影响方向和强度各不相同,其中距县城距离、距主干道距离、常住人口比例、人均耕地面积、户均宅基地面积、人均收入和坡度七个指标是主导因素,对宅基地闲置和低效利用产生了较大的影响。(5)本文经过探讨后认为影响拜泉县闲置宅基地再利用的障碍因素,主要集中在制度管理层面、市场经济层面和村集体经济组织与农户微观层面三个层面。其中,宅基地制度和法律障碍、村庄规划问题、宅基地市场缺陷、资金整合问题、宅基地村级管理缺位以及农户意愿消极等因素综合作用,制约了农村闲置宅基地的盘活利用。(6)本文研究认为研究区宅基地盘活利用应该从开展宅基地利用状况调查、制定宅基地市场化配置管理制度、科学合理制定村庄规划、因地制宜选择农村闲置宅基地再利用模式、积极打造宅基地多功能利用产业链、鼓励农民自愿有偿退出宅基地等方面持续发力,才能助推拜泉县闲置宅基地的高效利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous transformation of economic and social development,the contradiction between people and land in urban areas is becoming increasingly prominent.At the same time,the rural population continues to decline,and phenomena such as idle and abandoned construction land and excessive construction on homestead land have become increasingly apparent,leading to the increasingly serious "rural disease".Therefore,this article selected Baiquan County as the research area and used the DEM data of Baiquan County,village cadastral databases,and field survey data to establish a comprehensive geographic and socio-economic database based on administrative villages.Spatial autocorrelation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the current situation of rural homestead land in the study area and the dominant influencing factors affecting the idle homestead land,revealing the distribution pattern and causes of idle homestead land in Baiquan County.Based on this,by analyzing the reuse of idle homestead land in the study area and its obstacles,exploring typical domestic models of idle homestead land reuse,this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the reuse of idle homestead land in the research area and similar areas to fully tap the value of rural homestead land and scientifically manage and utilize idle homestead land.The main research results of this article are as follows:(1)This paper finds that the area of rural homestead in Baiquan County exceeds the standard seriously and the idle rate is relatively high.According to relevant data,the scale of homestead per household in the study area far exceeds the prescribed standards,the number of excessive homesteads reaches 95 % of the total,and the idle rate of homesteads is as high as25 %.A considerable part of the homestead is completely idle,the idle and abandoned rate of homesteads is high,and the utilization efficiency is low.(2)This paper finds that there are obvious regional differences in rural idle homesteads in Baiquan County.By investigating 186 administrative villages in the study area,it is found that the idle rate of homestead in the study area varies greatly,which can be divided into five types.On the whole,the average idle rate of homestead in the plain area of the study area is relatively low,and the average idle rate of homestead in the hilly area is relatively high.(3)This paper finds that the rural idle homestead in Baiquan County has strong spatial agglomeration.The hot spots are mainly distributed in Xingnong Town,Xinghua Township,Shizhong Township,Baiquan Town and Sandao Town,and the cold spots are mainly distributed in the western and southwestern plains.At the same time,through clustering and outlier analysis,it is found that there are 11 abnormal villages in the study area.Among them,6 villages showed high-low agglomeration characteristics,and 5 villages showed low-high agglomeration characteristics.(4)This paper finds that the influencing factors of rural homestead idleness in Baiquan County have obvious factor directivity.According to the results of partial correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis,this paper believes that the idleness of rural homestead is the result of the combined effect of natural resource conditions,economic development status and land use status.The influence direction and intensity of different factors on homestead are different.Among them,the distance from the county,the distance from the main road,the proportion of permanent residents,the per capita cultivated land area,the per capita homestead area,the per capita income and the slope are the dominant factors,which have a great impact on the idle and inefficient use of homestead.(5)After discussion,this paper believes that the obstacle factors affecting the reuse of idle homestead in Baiquan County include three levels : system management level,market economy level and village collective economic organization and farmer micro level.Among them,the homestead system and legal obstacles,village planning problems,homestead market defects,capital integration problems,homestead village-level management absence and farmers ’negative willingness and other factors have restricted the revitalization and utilization of rural idle homestead.(6)This paper argues that the revitalization and utilization of homestead in the study area should continue to make efforts from the aspects of carrying out the investigation of homestead utilization,formulating the market-oriented configuration management system of homestead,scientifically and rationally formulating village planning,selecting the reuse mode of rural idle homestead according to local conditions,actively building the industrial chain of multi-functional utilization of homestead,and encouraging farmers to voluntarily withdraw from homestead for compensation,so as to promote the efficient utilization of idle homestead in Baiquan County.更多还原