【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 潘凯；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 分蘖洋葱（Allium cepa var.Agrogatum Don.）为百合科葱属一年生草本植物,其以肉质鳞茎为主要食用器官,营养丰富且药用价值较高,具有较好的应用和推广前景,是黑龙江省传统特色蔬菜作物种类,市场需求量呈逐年增加趋势。由于分蘖洋葱不开花结实或者极少开花结实,因此生产上通常以分蘖鳞茎进行营养繁殖,地方品种资源混杂,相关育种工作几乎没有开展。分蘖洋葱在生产过程中时常出现抽薹现象,影响分蘖洋葱产量和品质。关于植株抽薹的研究主要集中在大白菜、萝卜、甘蓝、洋葱等大宗蔬菜作物上,而针对分蘖洋葱抽薹机理研究未见报道,低温是影响分蘖洋葱抽薹的必要前期条件,探究分蘖洋葱对低温诱导的相关生理机制,对明确其生长发育过程、实现栽培过程中对分蘖洋葱抽薹的调控、及分蘖洋葱的新品种培育具有十分重要的理论和实践价值。本研究以前期筛选出的3个不同抗抽薹特性的分蘖洋葱种质资源为供试材料,在露地栽培条件下,研究了播期对三种不同抗抽薹特性分蘖洋葱生长发育的影响及相关生理指标（SOD酶活性、POD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、C/N比值、GA₃含量、IAA含量等）和Ac ADLFY基因表达的变化差异;在可控环境条件下研究了低温处理对不同抗抽薹特性分蘖洋葱发育指标及Ac ADLFY基因表达的影响。主要试验结果:（1）播期提早,易抽薹分蘖洋葱的初始抽薹期提前,抽薹率升高。（2）播期对不同抗抽薹特性分蘖洋葱发育指标及Ac ADLFY基因表达量的影响存在差异;第一播期和第二播期中,M18和M09的SOD酶及POD酶活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势;M18及M09的C/N值在各播期中的变化趋势相似,而M06的C/N值变化趋势与M18和M09明显不同;各播期中,只有M18的GA₃含量均在45d时最低;在第二和第三播期中,M18的IAA含量均为升高的趋势,而M09与M06的IAA含量在二、三播期先降低后升高;M18,M09和M06的Ac ADLFY基因表达量均在第一播期播种后60d时最高,其中最高值M18>M09>M06。（3）播期对分蘖洋葱抽薹与未抽薹植株发育指标及Ac ADLFY基因表达的影响存在差异;第一播期和第二播期中,抽薹植株的SOD酶活性、POD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、IAA含量、ABA含量及Ac ADLFY基因的表达量显著或极显著高于未抽薹植株,而抽薹植株GA₃含量和GA₃/IAA比值显著或极显著低于未抽薹植株。（4）低温处理对不同抗抽薹特性分蘖洋葱发育指标及Ac ADLFY基因表达的影响不同;M18和M09经低温处理转移到高温长日照环境之后,SOD酶活性、POD酶活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、C/N比值、GA₃含量、IAA含量及Ac ADLFY基因表达量的变化趋势相似,M06各项发育指标及Ac ADLFY基因表达量的变化趋势与M18和M09有明显差异。综上所述,播期及低温处理对不同抗抽薹特性分蘖洋葱的发育指标及Ac ADLFY基因表达存在较大影响,所以在不同播期条件下,不同抗抽薹特性分蘖洋葱的抽薹率存在明显差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potato onion（Allium cepa var.Agrogatum Don.）is an annual herb of the genus Liliaceae,its fleshy bulbs as the main edible organ,rich in nutrition and high medicinal value,it is has a good application and promotion prospect,which is the traditional characteristic vegetable crop type in Heilongjiang Province,the market demand shows an increasing trend year by year.Because potato onion does not blossom or rarely blossom,tillering bulbs are usually used for vegetative reproduction,and local variety resources are mixed,local breed resources are mixed,little of any breeding has been place.Potato onion often appears bolting in the process of production,which affects the yield and quality of potato onion.Research on plant bolting mainly focuses on Chinese cabbage,radish,cabbage,onion and other bulk vegetable crops,however,the mechanism research on potato onion has not been reported,low temperature is a necessary prerequisite for affecting potato onion bolting.It is of great theoretical and practical value to explore the physiological mechanism of low temperature induction,to clarify its growth and development process,to realize the regulation of potato onion bolting in the cultivation process.In this study,three germplasm resources of potato onion with different anti-bolting characteristics were selected as test materials,and under open-field cultivation conditions,studied the effects of sowing period on the growth and development of potato onion,and the differences in changes of related physiological indexes（SOD enzyme activity,POD enzyme activity,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,C/N ratio,GA₃content,IAA content）and the Ac ADLFY gene expression;Under controlled environment,studied the effect of low temperature treatment on the development index and Ac ADLFY gene expression of potato onion with different anti-bolting characteristics.The main results are as follows:（1）The earlier the sowing period,the initial bolting period of easy to bolt potato onion is earlier,and the bolting rate increases.（2）There were differences in the effects of sowing period on developmental index and Ac ADLFY gene expression of potato onion with different anti-bolting characteristics;In the first and second periods,the SOD and POD enzyme activities of M18 and M09 both increased first and then decreased;In each sowing period,the C/N values of M18 and M09 showed similar trends,however,the trend of C/N values of M06 was significantly different from that of M18 and M09;During the three sowing periods,the GA₃content of M18 was all lowest at 45days after seeding,the IAA content of M18 increased in both the second and third sowing periods,M09 and M06 in the second and third sowing periods decreased first and then increased;The Ac ADLFY gene expression of M18,M09 and M06 was highest at 60d after sowing in the first sowing period,with the highest value of M18>M09>M06.（3）There were differences in the effects of sowing period on developmental index and Ac ADLFY gene expression of potato onion bolting and unbolting plants;During the first and second sowing periods,the SOD and POD enzyme activity,soluble sugar content,IAA content,ABA content and Ac ADLFY gene expression of bolting plants were significantly or extremely significantly higher than the unbolting plants,and the GA₃content and GA₃/IAA ratio were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those of unbolting plants.（4）Low temperature treatment had different effects on development index and Ac ADLFY gene expression of potato onion with different anti-bolt characteristics;M18 and M09 were transferred to high temperature long sunshine environment after low temperature treatment,similar trends were observed for SOD and POD enzyme activity,C/N values,the contents of GA₃,IAA,soluble sugar,soluble protein and Ac ADLFY gene expression,the trends of various developmental indicators and Ac ADLFY gene expression of M06 were significantly different from those of M18 and M09.In conclusion,sowing period and low temperature treatment had a great influence on the development index and Ac ADLFY gene expression of potato onions with different anti-bolting characteristics,so under different sowing period conditions,there are obvious differences in the bolting rate of potato onion with different anti-bolting characteristics.更多还原