【作者】 张珊珊；

【导师】 王秀哲；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 理论法（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 我国疫情防控效果显著的一个非常重要的原因就是涉及疫情的个人信息的及时收集、处理和公开,多个信息收集主体在各个节点承担收集排查功能,各地区交通枢纽处设立个人信息强制登记节点,进入辖区的人员必须扫描二维码并出示行程码进行个人信息的填报登记,个人的姓名、身份证号、家庭地址以及出行情况等均在填报上传范围内,甚至在某些地区学历、婚姻情况、身高、民族、户籍信息等也被囊括其中,在发生新的疫情感染时,各级的卫生行政主管部门是有义务向社会发布本行政区域里突发事件的信息,我们也能够在各个公开的社交媒体平台上及时接收到感染人员的流调信息,但是,这种信息公开在控制疫情方面带来较大好处的同时,也带来了一些负面的影响,譬如信息收集处理的主体较多较杂,收集的内容广泛,与非疫情时代相比,这种信息披露的程度是以前难以形象的。同时在防控基本结束的阶段,群众对于政府如何处理对于防控期间所收集到的群众个人信息以及用来收集个人信息的小程序以及大数据平台之后何去何从的问题也探讨较为激烈,在这个阶段,我们更要着眼于突发事件结束后个人信息收集程序的退出、对所收集到的个人信息的销毁程序以及如何惩戒对防控期间个人信息处理不当的主体。本文的创新点是分析了疫情防控个人信息的收集和利用的本质是行政应急权的行使,提出对于公民在突发事件中个人信息相关权利的损害的救济办法应从行政应急权行使的监督完善下手。本文通过案例研究方法分析疫情防控中个人信息的利用现状以及各类防控措施对个人信息相关实体权利的影响,分析个人信息相关实体权利受侵害的原因主要是应急状态下个人信息收集的细化规则缺失、收集主体个人信息利用的法律能力、执行力不足以及一些未授权主体进行信息收集,认为应该从完善应急状态下个人信息处理相关法规、重视个人信息多渠道救济机制、重视建立完善应急结束后个人信息的处理退出机制等方面解决现存问题,为今后突发公共卫生事件时个人信息的法律保护提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019,after three years of difficult figuting time,now that the COVID-19 epidemic is coming to an end,we have made great achievements in the fight against the epidemic in the past three years.A series of measures have been effective in preventing the spread of the epidemic when the virus is very dangerous.But at the same time,there are some problems,one of the more prominent is in the protection of personal information appeared a series of problems.The timely collection,processing and disclosure of personal information related to the epidemic is a very important reason for China’s remarkable epidemic prevention and control results,multiple information collection entities perform the collection and troubleshooting function on each node,a compulsory personal information registration node will be set up at each regional transport hub,personnel entering the jurisdiction must scan the QR code and show the travel code to fill in the personal information registration,the individual’s name,ID number,home address and travel information are all included in the submission.In the event of a new outbreak of infection,the administrative departments of public health at various levels shall be obliged to release to the public information on emergencies within their respective administrative areas,we are also able to receive timely streaming information of infected people on various public social media platforms.However,while this disclosure of information has brought great benefits in controlling the epidemic,it has also brought some negative effects,for example,the subject of information collection and processing is more complex,and the collection content is extensive.Compared to non-pandemic times,this is a level of disclosure that was previously hard to visualize.At the same time,at the end of prevention and control,the public also have a heated discussion about how the government deals with the personal information collected by the public during the prevention and control period,as well as the small procedures used to collect personal information and the future of the big data platform,at this stage,we should pay more attention to the withdrawal of the personal information collection process after the emergency,the destruction process of the personal information collected and how to punish the subjects who mishandle the personal information during the prevention and control.The innovation of this paper is that the essence of the collection and utilization of personal information for epidemic prevention and control is the exercise of administrative emergency power,this paper puts forward that the relief measures for the damage of citizens’ personal information-related rights in emergencies should start from the supervision and perfection of the exercise of the administrative emergency power.This paper analyzes the current situation of the use of personal information in epidemic prevention and control and the impact of various prevention and control measures on the rights of entities related to personal information through case study and demonstration method.The main reasons for the infringement of the rights of entities related to personal information are the absence of detailed rules for personal information collection under emergency conditions,the lack of legal ability and enforcement of personal information utilization of the collection subject and the information collection by some unauthorized subjects.The author believes that the existing problems should be solved from the aspects of perfecting the relevant laws and regulations on personal information processing in emergency state,attaching importance to the multi-channel relief mechanism of personal information,and establishing and perfecting the withdrawal mechanism of personal information processing after the end of emergency,so as to provide reference for the legal protection of personal information in future public health emergencies.更多还原