【作者】 赵莹；

【导师】 李勇；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 中国哲学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 王安石作为北宋时期著名的政治家和文学家一直被世人耳熟能详。但其思想家和哲学家的身份却很少有人注意。作为北宋道德性命的首倡者,王安石对北宋中期儒学复兴运动起了主要推动作用,其人性论思想更是开启了北宋心性论研究的先河。本文以王安石的人性论思想为研究对象,围绕其人性论发展的背景、阶段、内容、理论贡献和不足以及对宋儒心性论发展的影响等方面展开论述。认为王安石的人性论思想在形成发展过程中受到儒、道、释三家以及同时代性情论不同程度的影响,经历了从早期“性善论”到中期的“性有善有恶”和后期“性不可以善恶言”三个阶段的嬗变,且以“性不可以善恶言”为其最终定论。在性情关系上始终坚持“性情一也”,反对离情言性,认为人性是超越善恶的。同时还凸显了“习”的重要性,将善恶问题落实到后天的习养上,认为“性”只是具有为善为恶的潜能,“习”才是人性善恶得以成立的外在依据。所以人可以通过尽性和养情两种方式实现从自然人向道德人的转变,这就为人们为善去恶,转凡成圣提供了一条可实现路径。总的来说,王安石人性论思想一方面明确地把性命之理定位儒学的核心,跳出了传统人性论以善恶言性的桎梏,弥补了汉儒以来儒家心性论发展的缺陷,另一方面又因融摄佛、老,偏离了构建儒家道德本体的主旨,就为理学家们思想的成熟留下了可供发展的空间,也为宋儒构建新型的心性论模式提供了理论前提和必要准备。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wang Anshi has been familiar to the world as a famous politician and literary scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty.However,his identity as a thinker and philosopher has received little attention.As the first advocate of moral life in the Northern Song Dynasty,Wang Anshi played a major role in promoting the revival of Confucianism in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty,and his thought on human nature initiated the study of mental nature in the Northern Song Dynasty.This paper takes Wang Anshi’s humanistic thought as the object of study,and focuses on the background,stages,contents,theoretical contributions and shortcomings of his humanism,as well as its influence on the development of Song Confucian theory of mind.The article argues that Wang Anshi’s thought on human nature was influenced by Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,as well as by his contemporaries’ theory of nature,and underwent three stages of transmutation,from goodness of nature to goodness and evil of nature to the fact that nature cannot be said to be good or evil.He always insisted that "nature and emotion are one",opposed to talking about nature apart from emotion,and believed that human nature is beyond good and evil,so he took "nature cannot be said to good or evil" as his final conclusion,and believed that "nature" only has the potential to be good or evil,but "habit" is the external basis for the establishment of good and evil in human nature.Therefore,people can achieved the transformation from a natural person to a moral person through both realizing human natuer and cultivating emotion,which provides a realizable path for people to transform from good to evil and from mortal to saint.In general,on the one hand,Wang Anshi’s thought on human nature clearly positioned "moral life" as the core of Confucian thought,and his view that good and evil are determined by habit broke the shackles of the traditional human nature theory of talking about human nature in terms of good and evil,making up for the defects in the development of Confucian mentalism since Han Confucianism.On the other hand,it deviated from the main purpose of constructing Confucian moral ontology,leaving room for the intellectual maturity of the rationalists and providing the theoretical premise and necessary preparation for the construction of a new teleological model by the Confucians in the Song dynasty.更多还原