【作者】 刘红；

【导师】 冯娅；

【作者基本信息】 中南财经政法大学 ， 产业经济学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 数字化是目前全国技术变革的关键战略方向,最近几年中央和地方政府相继出台了有关政策战略,如《中国制造2025》、“十四五”数字经济发展规划。在此过程中,数字技术逐步渗透到各行各业,大部分行业都已进入了转型升级的关键时期。据国际数据公司IDC(Internet Data Center)于2022年发布的一项调查结果显示,在2021年,全球1000强企业及中国1000强企业中分别有67%和50%的企业把数字化转型作为企业的核心战略,采购了大量先进技术工具,但仍有70%-80%的企业遭受转型失败的打击,陷入了“转型困境”。本文从产业和企业两个视角,研究数字化转型对制造业企业生产率的影响及其作用机制,可以为中国数字化转型的经济效率提供更多有针对性的对策建议,避免陷入“转型困境”。为了探究数字化转型对制造业企业生产率的影响作用,本文以现有文献为依托,运用理论与实证相结合的方法,采用理论分析——现状分析——实证分析的行文思路。首先,在理论研究部分,本文对相关基础理论进行梳理,在此基础上从产业、企业及政策三个方面分析数字化转型对企业生产率影响的理论机制。其次,利用中国2012-2018年的投入产出表及延长表测度产业数字化转型水平;使用文本分析法测度2012-2018年中国制造业A股上市企业的数字化转型程度;采用LP法估算制造业企业全要素生产率,并由此分析中国数字化转型及制造业企业生产率的现状。最后,基于产业和企业两个视角利用计量模型分析数字化转型对制造业企业生产率的影响,并分别检验产业链优化、企业分工所起的中介效应,及“数字基础设施建设”相关政策在其中产生的调节作用,并进行异质性分析。研究结果表明,第一,数字化转型显著改善了中国制造业企业的生产效率,研究期间并不存在“索洛悖论”现象。第二,产业数字化转型通过优化产业链提升企业生产率的作用机制只存在于高端装备制造业。第三,在制造业全样本、非国有企业及大型企业中,企业数字化转型可有效通过企业分工促进企业生产率的增长。第四,“数字基础设施建设”相关政策对企业数字化转型的生产率效应具有显著的正向调节作用,且东部地区和南方地区的影响更大。在本文的研究基础上,为了更大程度实现数字化转型的经济效率,政府应当进一步加大“数字基础设施建设”相关政策的推进力度,为企业数字化转型提供良好的网络基础环境。并在完善区域数字基础设施建设的基础上,提供必要的政策引导,加强行业在数字经济上的协同作用,以增加数字链的强度。最后,在加快数字化转型过程中,也应通过制定差异化的支持政策,将有限的资金用于支持位于中西部地区及北方地区的普通制造业企业,降低这些企业的数字化转型门槛,提升企业的资源配置效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Digitalization is currently the key strategic direction of national technological change,and in recent years,the central and local governments have successively issued relevant policy strategies,such as "Made in China 2025" and the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the development of the digital economy.In this process,digital technology has gradually penetrated into all walks of life,and most industries have entered a critical period of transformation and upgrading.According to a survey conducted by IDC(Internet Data Center),an international data company,in 2022,in 2021,67% and 50% of the top 1000 global companies and 50% of China’s top 1000 enterprises respectively regarded digital transformation as their core strategy and purchased a large number of advanced technology tools,but 70%-80% of enterprises were still hit by transformation failures and fell into the "transformation dilemma".This dissertation studies the impact of digital transformation on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises and its mechanism from the perspectives of industry and enterprises,which can provide more targeted countermeasures and suggestions for the economic efficiency of China’s digital transformation and avoid falling into the "transformation dilemma".In order to explore the impact of digital transformation on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises,this dissertation relies on the existing literature,uses the method of combining theory and empirical evidence,and adopts the writing ideas of theoretical analysis,status quo analysis-empirical analysis.Firstly,in the theoretical research part,this dissertation sorts out the relevant basic theories,and analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the impact of digital transformation on enterprise productivity from three aspects: industry,enterprise and policy.Secondly,China’s input-output table and extension table from 2012 to 2018 are used to measure the level of digital transformation of the industry;Text analysis was used to measure the digital transformation of A-share listed enterprises in China’s manufacturing industry from 2012 to 2018;The LP method is used to estimate the total factor productivity of manufacturing enterprises,and the current situation of digital transformation and manufacturing productivity in China is analyzed.Finally,based on the perspectives of industry and enterprise,the impact of digital transformation on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises is analyzed by using econometric models,and the mediating effect of industrial chain optimization,enterprise division of labor,and the regulating role of policies related to "digital infrastructure construction" are examined respectively,and heterogeneity is analyzed.The results show that,first,digital transformation has significantly improved the productivity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises,and there is no "Solo paradox" phenomenon during the research period.Second,the mechanism of industrial digital transformation to improve enterprise productivity by optimizing the industrial chain only exists in the high-end equipment manufacturing industry.Third,in the whole manufacturing industry,non-state-owned enterprises and large enterprises,the digital transformation of enterprises can effectively promote the growth of enterprise productivity through the division of labor.Fourth,policies related to "digital infrastructure construction" have a significant positive moderating effect on the productivity effect of enterprises’ digital transformation,and the impact on the eastern and southern regions is even greater.Based on the research in this dissertation,in order to achieve greater economic efficiency of digital transformation,the government should further strengthen the promotion of policies related to "digital infrastructure construction" to provide a good network infrastructure environment for enterprises’ digital transformation.And on the basis of improving the construction of regional digital infrastructure,provide necessary policy guidance and strengthen the synergy of the industry in the digital economy to increase the strength of the digital chain.Finally,in the process of accelerating digital transformation,we should also formulate differentiated support policies and use limited funds to support ordinary manufacturing enterprises located in the central and western regions and northern regions,so as to lower the threshold for digital transformation of these enterprises and improve the resource allocation efficiency of enterprises.更多还原