【作者】 李军；

【导师】 耿立涛； 崔纪鹏；

【作者基本信息】 山东建筑大学 ， 交通运输（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 热拌沥青混合料(Hot Mix Asphalt,HMA)性能优良,是主流的沥青路面材料,然而其拌和温度较高,烟气污染大,过高的施工温度过高还会导致沥青老化,影响其路面性能。相比之下,温拌沥青混合料(Warm Mix Asphalt,WMA)的拌和温度可在传统温度的基础上降低20℃～60℃,能显著降低有害气体的排放量,同时对施工温度的要求也较低。但目前主流的表面活性温拌剂多为水溶性温拌剂,由于水的凝点为0℃,较低的环境温度会限制施工的进行。鉴于此,本文以生物基表面活性剂为基材,复配适应于低温环境施工的生物基油溶性温拌剂,探讨油溶性温拌剂对沥青性能影响,评价油溶性温拌沥青混合料温拌效果,并通过试验路验证热拌沥青混合料对低温环境施工的可靠性,为秋冬季热拌沥青混合料低温施工提供技术支持。本文首先研究基于生物基表面活性剂的油溶性沥青温拌剂复配方案。初选9种表面活性剂进行温拌剂的复配,以三大指标、接触角作为表征指标,分析表面活性剂种类及掺量对沥青三大指标及铺展润湿行为的影响。研究结果表明:配方4和配方5生物基温拌剂对基质沥青的常规性能有所改善,通过对比两种生物基温拌剂对基质沥青流变性能和润湿特性的影响,确定最佳生物基温拌剂配方为C-35和NS-T按7:3复配组成的配方4。其次,研究生物基油溶性温拌剂对基质沥青及改性沥青的适应性。以国产70#沥青及SBS改性沥青为研究对象,探究温拌剂对沥青技术性质、微观特性、存储时效、流变性能及疲劳性能的影响,同时以成品温拌剂为参照组。结果表明:温拌剂的添加可以显著提高基质沥青的延度和润湿特性。同时,经过10天的热存储,配方4生物基温拌剂和成品配方温拌剂对温拌沥青的性能衰减都有抑制作用,并且配方4生物基温拌剂对沥青润湿特性的改善效果要优于成品配方温拌剂。并且,配方4生物基温拌剂和成品配方温拌剂可以改善沥青的蠕变恢复率和高温抗车辙性能,添加配方4生物基温拌剂可以明显提高基质沥青和SBS改性沥青的疲劳性能,较添加成品配方温拌剂的温拌沥青,抗疲劳效果分别提高了29.8%和79.5%。再次,研究基于生物基油溶性温拌剂的沥青混合料温拌效果。通过湿法制备温拌沥青混合料,以生物基温拌剂掺量优选为目标,以混合料空隙率为表征指标,探究了基质沥青和SBS改性沥青为胶结料的沥青混合料降温幅度。研究表明:配方4生物基温拌剂和成品配方温拌剂在基质沥青中的掺量分别为沥青质量的0.1%和0.5%时,混合料成型降温幅度可达40℃;在SBS改性沥青中的掺量分别为沥青质量的0.5%和0.8%时,混合料成型温度可有效降低30℃。最后,研究了生物基温拌沥青混合料性能差异,并通过试验路验证其在低温环境施工的可行性。为探究常规热拌与较热拌降温30℃的温拌两种拌和类型下,配方4生物基温拌剂和成品配方温拌剂对基质沥青和SBS改性沥青混合料的路用性能影响,以动稳定度、破坏应变、冻融劈裂强度比和循环次数为表征指标,并与原样沥青混合料进行对比。研究表明:配方4生物基温拌剂可以改善基质沥青和SBS改性沥青混合料的高温抗车辙能力和疲劳性能,且添加后仍具有良好的低温抗裂性能和水稳定性,混合料性能与沥青性能具有一致性。对于温拌SBS改性沥青混合料,添加配方4生物基温拌剂后的动稳定度提高了72.9%,较成品配方温拌剂疲劳性能效果提升了18.6%。依托济微高速公路项目,验证了基于生物基温拌剂的热拌沥青混合料在低温环境施工的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hot Mix Asphalt(HMA)has excellent performance and is the mainstream asphalt pavement material.However,its mixing temperature is high,smoke pollution is large,and excessive construction temperature will also lead to asphalt aging and affect its pavement performance.In contrast,the mixing temperature of Warm Mix Asphalt(WMA)can be reduced by 20 °C ～ 60 °C on the basis of traditional temperature,which can significantly reduce the emission of harmful gases,and the requirement of construction temperature is also low.However,the current mainstream surface active warm mix agent is mostly water-soluble warm mix agent.Because the freezing point of water is 0 °C,the lower ambient temperature will limit the construction.In view of this,this thesis uses bio-based surfactants as the base material to compound bio-based oil-soluble warm mix agent suitable for low-temperature environment construction,discusses the influence of oil-soluble warm mix agent on asphalt performance,evaluates the warm mixing effect of oil-soluble warm mix asphalt mixture,and verifies the reliability of hot mix asphalt mixture for low-temperature environment construction through test road,so as to provide technical support for low-temperature construction of hot mix asphalt mixture in autumn and winter.Firstly,this thesis studies the compound scheme of oil-soluble asphalt warm mix agent based on bio-based surfactant.Nine kinds of surfactants were selected for the compounding of warm mix agents.The three major indicators and contact angle were used as characterization indicators to analyze the effects of surfactant types and dosage on the three major indicators and spreading and wetting behavior of asphalt.The results show that the conventional properties of matrix asphalt are improved by formula 4 and formula 5 bio-based warm mix agent.By comparing the effects of two bio-based warm mix agents on the rheological properties and wetting characteristics of matrix asphalt,the best bio-based warm mix agent formula is determined as formula 4 composed of C-35 and NS-T at 7 : 3.Secondly,the adaptability of bio-based oil-soluble warm mix agent to matrix asphalt and modified asphalt was studied.Taking domestic 70 # asphalt and SBS modified asphalt as the research object,the effects of warm mixing agent on the technical properties,microscopic characteristics,storage aging,rheological properties and fatigue properties of asphalt were investigated.The results show that the addition of warm mix agent can significantly improve the ductility and wetting characteristics of matrix asphalt.At the same time,after 10 days of heat storage,the formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent and the finished formula warm mix agent have an inhibitory effect on the performance attenuation of warm mix asphalt,and the formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent is better than the finished formula warm mix agent in improving the wetting characteristics of asphalt.Moreover,formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent and finished formula warm mix agent can improve the creep recovery rate and high temperature rutting resistance of asphalt.The addition of formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent can significantly improve the fatigue performance of matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt.Compared with the warm mix asphalt with finished formula warm mix agent,the anti-fatigue effect is increased by 29.8 % and 79.5 % respectively.Thirdly,the warm mixing effect of asphalt mixture based on bio-based oil-soluble warm mixing agent is studied.The warm mix asphalt mixture was prepared by wet method.The cooling range of asphalt mixture with matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt as binder was explored with the optimization of bio-based warm mix agent content as the goal and the void ratio of the mixture as the characterization index.The results show that when the dosage of formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent and finished formula warm mix agent in matrix asphalt is 0.1 % and 0.5 % of asphalt quality respectively,the cooling range of mixture molding can reach 40 °C;when the content of SBS modified asphalt is 0.5 % and 0.8 % of the asphalt mass,the molding temperature of the mixture can be effectively reduced by 30 °C.Finally,the performance difference of bio-based warm mix asphalt mixture was studied,and the feasibility of its construction in low temperature environment was verified by test road.In order to explore the influence of formula 4 bio-based warm mixing agent and finished formula warm mixing agent on the road performance of matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt mixture under the two mixing types of conventional hot mixing and warm mixing with30 °C cooling,the dynamic stability,failure strain,freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio and cycle times were used as the characterization indexes,and compared with the original asphalt mixture.The research shows that the formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent can improve the high temperature rutting resistance and fatigue performance of the matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt mixture,and still has good low temperature crack resistance and water stability after adding.The performance of the mixture is consistent with the asphalt performance.For the warm mix SBS modified asphalt mixture,the dynamic stability of the formula 4 bio-based warm mix agent was increased by 72.9 %,and the fatigue performance of the finished formula warm mix agent was increased by 18.6 %.Based on the Jiwei expressway project,the feasibility of hot mix asphalt mixture based on bio-based warm mix agent in low temperature environment is verified.更多还原