【作者】 周杰；

【导师】 宋吉荣；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国既有建筑存量的不断增长与近年来频发的地质灾害,我国受损建筑与问题建筑越来越多,对这些建筑进行可靠性鉴定并采取相应的加固措施能有效地保障人们的生命财产安全。但现阶段我国对于既有建筑的可靠性鉴定的研究还处于发展阶段,相关的理论体系与标准规范尚未完全成熟,目前采用的鉴定方法属于实用鉴定法范畴,既有建筑的可靠性鉴定普遍基于工程师的传统经验,结合现代检测仪器与技术,根据相应的标准规范,对建筑的可靠性做出评价。相对于纯粹的传统经验法,现行的建筑可靠性评价方法虽然具有一定的理论依据与评价标准,但由于建筑的结构类别形式多样、建筑可靠性的影响因素较多以及大多数影响因素难以量化等原因,采用现行的评价方法存在普适性较低、评价不全面以及主观性较强等问题,很难对建筑的可靠性进行综合的评价。此外,对于可靠性等级较低且需要采取加固措施的结构和构件,加固方案的选取同样也存在着较强的主观性,大多数情况下未对采取加固措施后的结构构件进行可靠性验证。针对既有建筑可靠性鉴定与加固方案评价的现存问题,本文采用了一种综合性评价方法,以混凝土结构这一建筑结构类型为例,首先根据现行的建筑可靠性鉴定规范与现有的相关研究,归纳总结混凝土结构可靠性的影响指标,采用层次分析法确定每项指标相对于混凝土结构可靠性的层级与权重,建立了混凝土结构可靠性评价的层次分析法模型;其次根据现行的建筑可靠性鉴定规范与现有的相关研究,确定每一项指标的可靠性等级分级标准,借鉴模糊数学中相对隶属度的思想将每一项指标的可靠性等级量化,得到每一项指标的标准等级向量;然后采用基于灰色关联分析法改进后的TOPSIS评价法,建立混凝土结构可靠性评价模型;最后将混凝土结构可靠性评价模型在一实际工程中进行应用,得到该工程目标构件、鉴定单元以及整体综合可靠性评价结果,从对混凝土结构可靠性的提升效果角度,采用混凝土结构可靠性评价模型对不同的加固方案进行了评价择优,验证了本文所建模型的适用性和有效性。案例应用结论表明,该混凝土结构可靠性评价模型能有效地应用于大多数混凝土结构的可靠性与加固方案评价,为其他建筑类型的可靠性鉴定与加固方案评价提供一定的方法参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous growth of the existing building stock in China and the frequent geological disasters in recent years,there are more and more damaged buildings and problematic buildings in China.The reliability evaluation of these buildings and the corresponding reinforcement measures can effectively protect the safety of people’s life and property.But for the reliability evaluation of existing buildings in our country at present stage of research is still in the stage of development,the relevant theoretical system with the standard specification is not fully mature,the current appraisal methods belong to the category of practical identification method,the reliability evaluation of existing buildings is generally based on the traditional experience engineers,combined with modern testing instruments and technology,according to the relevant standards and specifications,Evaluate the reliability of the building.Compared with the pure traditional empirical method,reliability evaluation method of existing buildings although has certain theoretical basis and evaluation standard,but due to the structure of the building category in a variety of forms,the factors influencing the reliability of the building more and most influencing factors is difficult to quantify,adopting low universality existing in the current evaluation methods,evaluation is not comprehensive,It is difficult to make a comprehensive and reasonable evaluation on the reliability of buildings.In addition,for structures and components with low reliability and in need of reinforcement measures,the selection of reinforcement schemes is also subjective.In most cases,reliability verification of structural components with reinforcement measures is not carried out.In view of the existing problems of reliability evaluation and reinforcement scheme evaluation of existing buildings,this paper uses a comprehensive evaluation method.Taking concrete structure as an example,the influence indexes of reliability of concrete structure are summarized according to the existing building reliability evaluation specifications and existing relevant studies.AHP is used to determine the hierarchy and weight of each index relative to the reliability of concrete structure,and the AHP model of concrete structure is established.Secondly,according to the existing building reliability appraisal code and existing related research,determine the reliability grade classification standard of each index,and use the idea of relative membership degree in fuzzy mathematics to quantify the reliability grade of each index,and get the standard grade vector of each index.Then,the improved TOPSIS method based on grey correlation analysis was used to establish a reliability evaluation model of concrete structure.Finally the concrete structural reliability evaluation model in the actual engineering application,get the target component,the project appraisal unit as well as the integrated reliability evaluation results,from the Angle of effect to the promotion of concrete structure reliability,using concrete structural reliability evaluation model of different reinforcement schemes is evaluated merit,The applicability and validity of the model are verified.The application conclusion of the case shows that the reliability evaluation model of concrete structure can be effectively applied to the reliability evaluation and reinforcement scheme evaluation of most concrete structures,which provides a certain method reference for the reliability evaluation and reinforcement scheme evaluation of other building types.更多还原