【作者】 李铮；

【导师】 周俊勋；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 话题指的是言谈交际中作为话语起点的指称对象,话题表达形式指的是话题在具体篇章中的实际表达形式。同一话题在不同的语境之下可能会产生不同的表达形式。一方面,话题结构间的语义关系对话题表达形式的选择有影响;另一方面,话题和语境之间的关系决定了话题的表达形式。语境、话题和话题表达形式之间的关系受到篇章语体功能的约束。《杂阿含经》包含叙述、对话两大类语体,其中又可细分为“如是我闻”式语体、“不因请说”式语体,“有因请说”式语体、一般对话式语体,在篇章组织规则以及主位推进模式两个方面各有其特点。语体的功能需求既限制了话题与语境间的指称语义,又对话题与述题之间的关系语义有重要影响,从而确定了话题在句法层面的表达形式。“如是我闻”式语体是典型的叙述语体,话题成分一般都能经历完整的话题形成过程,并且具有很强的接续性。用来导入话题的时间状语具有切换叙述场景、人物的功能,所以话题成分每次被时间状语导入时都要使用完整的名词短语形式,在同一时间状语管辖的语域之内,可以使用代词回指或零形式回指。在关系语义方面,主要有论元共指性话题和语域式话题。在指称语义方面,由于关注行为主体,倾向于选择非类指成分作为话题、排斥类指成分作为话题。“不因请说”式语体主要用条件复句中表示条件义的小句作为话题,可以使用话题标识手段标记话题,也可以不使用。在关系语义方面,主要有论元共指性话题和分句式话题。在指称语义方面,不关注行为主体,而关注各范畴之间的逻辑关系,所以倾向于使用凸显内涵且外延为全量的类指成分作为话题;而排斥非类指成分中只强调内涵而没有外延的无指成分。“有因请说”式语体由于篇幅有限,更依赖话题标识手段来标记话题。在句法上表现为名词性成分或动词性成分,在述题中通常使用零形式或代词回指。在关系语义方面,主要有论元共指性和拷贝式话题。在指称语义方面,和“不因请说”式语体表现相似,类指成分作为话题时总是使用话题标识手段。一般对话式语体是人物之间的日常交际对话,受篇幅的限制,话题成分很难延续;话题成分的表达形式主要是名词性成分,在述题中表现为零形式。在关系语义方面,表现为论元共指性和背景语域式话题。在指称语义方面,由于主要是用来进行日常交际,因而非类指话题用得更多,只有涉及到说明规律时才会用类指义话题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Topic refers to the relevant object as the starting point of discourse in communication,and topic expression form refers to the actual expression form of topic in a specific chapter.The same topic may have different expressions in different contexts.On the one hand,the semantic relationship between topic structures has an impact on the choice of topic expression form.On the other hand,the relationship between topic and context determines the expression of topic.The relationship among context,topic and topic expression form is constrained by textual stylistic function.Sa(?)yukt (?)gama contains narration and dialogue,which can be further divided into "Thus I have heard" style,"Speak for no reason" style,"Speak for reasons" style and general dialogue style,which have their own characteristics in two aspects of text organization rules and thematic progression mode.The functional requirements of the style not only limit the denotational semantics between topic and context,but also affect the relational semantics between topic and rheme,thus determining the syntactic expression form of topic.The "Thus I have heard" style is a typical narrative style,and the topic components can generally go through the whole topic formation process,and have a strong continuity.The time adverbial used to introduce the topic has the function of switching the narrative scene and characters,so the topic element should use the complete noun phrase form every time it is introduced by the time adverbial.In the register under the jurisdiction of the same time adverbial,pronoun anaphora or zero-form anaphora can be used.In terms of relational semantics,there are two main types of topics: meta-coreferential topic and register topic.In terms of referential semantics,they tend to choose non-generic elements as topics and exclude generic elements as topics because they focus on the subject of behavior.The "Speak for no reason" style mainly uses clauses representing conditional meanings in conditional complex sentences as topics,which may or may not be marked by topic identification.In terms of relational semantics,there are two main topics: argumentative co-referential topic and syntactic topic.In terms of denotational semantics,they pay more attention to the logical relations between categories rather than the subject of behavior,so they tend to use the generalized elements that highlight the connotation and have full denotation as topics.And the exclusion of non-index components that only emphasize connotation but no denotation.Due to its limited space,the "Speak for reasons" style relies more on topic identification to mark topics.It is syntactically expressed as nominal or verbal components and usually uses zero form or pronoun anaphora in the rheme.In the aspect of relational semantics,there are mainly argumentative coreference and copy-type topic.In terms of referential semantics,similar to the style of "Speak for no reason",topic identification is always used when the generic component is used as a topic.The general conversational style is the daily communicative dialogue between characters,limited by space,the topic elements are difficult to continue.The expression form of topic component is mainly nominal component,which is zero form in the rheme.In terms of relational semantics,it is manifested as meta-coreferential and context register topic.In terms of referential semantics,as it is mainly used for daily communication,non-class referential topics are often used,and only when it comes to explaining rules,class referential topics are used.更多还原