【作者】 吴芳；

【导师】 刘小群；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 公共卫生硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:描述湖南省初中生校园欺凌不同欺凌类型和角色的现状,了解精神病样体验的报告率,解析精神病样体验的影响因素,以及探讨湖南省初中生不同欺凌类型、不同欺凌角色的精神病样体验,为校园欺凌和青少年心理健康的干预提供更具体的指导。方法:采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法。采用自制问卷收集参与者的个人及家庭信息;采用中文版Olweus儿童欺凌问卷和网络欺凌问卷确定校园欺凌类型和欺凌角色;采用简式版社区精神病性体验评估问卷调查学生的精神病样体验。结果:被调查的4360名初中生中,至少遭受过一种欺凌的报告率为20.7%(95%CI:19.5%～22.0%),言语欺凌、身体欺凌、关系欺凌和网络欺凌的报告率分别为15.4%(95%CI:14.4%～16.5%)、5.6%(95%CI:4.9%～6.3%)、7.4%(95%CI:6.6%～8.2%)、4.2%(95%CI:3.6%～4.8%);单纯欺凌者占比1.9%(95%CI:1.5%～2.3%),单纯受欺凌者占比14.8%(95%CI:13.8%～15.9%),欺凌-受欺凌者占比4.5%(95%CI:3.9%～5.2%),未参与者占比78.8%(95%CI:77.6%～80.0%)。初中生出现精神病样体验的报告率为64.3%(95%CI:62.8%～65.7%),频繁出现精神病样体验的报告率为17.0%(95%CI:15.9%～18.2%),性别、年级、是否留守儿童、是否流动儿童、家庭经济状况、母亲受教育程度均是精神病样体验的影响因素。言语欺凌、关系欺凌、网络欺凌是精神病样体验的独立影响因素,遭受言语欺凌(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.70～2.63)、关系欺凌(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.26～2.44)、网络欺凌(OR=6.11,95%CI:3.35～11.17)出现精神病样体验的风险均高于未遭受相应欺凌类型的学生。遭受欺凌类型数量增多,发生精神病样体验的风险增高(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.68～2.13),与未遭受欺凌者相比,同时遭受4种欺凌类型者出现精神病样体验的风险最高(OR=6.80,95%CI:2.06～22.42)。不同欺凌角色也是精神病样体验的独立影响因素。欺凌-受欺凌者(OR=3.55,95%CI:2.40～5.26)、单纯欺凌者(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.87～5.89)和单纯受欺凌者(OR=2.82,95%CI:2.28～3.47)出现精神病样体验的风险均高于未参与者。结论:初中生校园欺凌不同欺凌类型和不同角色的精神病样体验均存在差异,在不同欺凌类型中,遭受网络欺凌的学生出现精神病样体验风险最高,而且遭受多种类型欺凌者出现精神病样体验的风险高于单一受欺凌者;在不同欺凌角色中,欺凌-受欺凌者是出现精神病样体验的高危人群,应根据欺凌不同类型和角色采取针对性的干预措施。图1幅,表13个,参考文献122篇更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: This paper describes the current situation of different types and roles of school bullying among junior high school students in Hunan Province,understands the reporting rate of psychotic-like experiences,analyzes the influencing factors of psychotic-like experiences,and explores the psychotic-like experiences of different types of bullying and different bullying roles among junior school students in Hunan Province.More specific guidance on school bullying and adolescent mental health interventions.Methods: The multiply stage cluster random sampling method was used.Personal and family information of participants was collected by using self-made questionnaires.The Chinese version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Cyberbullying Victimization Scale were used to determine the types and roles of school bullying.Students’ psychotic-like experiences was investigated by The Simplified Version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences.Results: Among the 4360 junior school students surveyed,the reporting rates of verbal bullying,physical bullying,relationship bullying,and cyberbullying were 15.4%(95%CI: 14.4%～16.5%),5.6%(95%CI:4.9%～6.3%),7.4%(95%CI: 4.9%～6.3%),respectively;Pure bullies accounted for 1.9%(95%CI: 1.5%～2.3%),pure victims accounted for14.8%(95%CI: 13.8%～15.9%),and bully-victims accounted for 4.5%(95%CI: 3.9%～5.2%),the proportion of uninvolved was 78.8%(95%CI:77.6%～80.0%).The reporting rate of psychotic-like experiences among junior school students was 64.3%(95%CI: 62.8%～65.7%),the reporting rate of frequent psychotic-like experiences was 20.1%(95%CI:18.7%～21.1%);gender,grade,whether left-behind children,whether or not migrant children,family economic status,mother’s education level are the influencing factors of psychotic-like experiences.Verbal bullying,relationship bullying and cyberbullying are independent influencing factors of psychotic-like experiences.The risk of psychotic-like experiences suffered by verbal bullying(OR=2.11,95%CI: 1.70～2.63),relationship bullying(OR=1.75,95%CI: 1.26～2.44)and cyberbullying(OR=6.11,95%CI: 3.35～11.17)is higher than that of students who did not suffer corresponding bullying types.The increased number of bullying types was associated with a higher risk of psychotic-like experiences(OR=1.89,95%CI: 1.68～2.13).Compared with those who were not bullied,those who suffered from 4 types of bullying at the same time had the highest risk of psychotic-like experiences(OR=6.80,95%CI:2.06～22.42).Different bullying roles were also independent determinants of psychotic-like experiences.Bully-victims(OR=3.55,95%CI: 2.40～5.26),pure bullies(OR=3.32,95%CI: 1.87～5.89)and pure victims(OR=2.82,95%CI: 2.28～3.47)were at higher risk for psychotic-like experiences than uninvolved.Conclusion: There are differences in the psychotic-like experiences of different types of bullying and different roles among junior school students.Among different bullying types,students who suffer from cyberbullying have the highest risk of detecting psychotic-like experiences.And the adolescents who suffered from multiple types of bullying had a higher risk for psychotic-like experiences than those with single bullying victimization.Among different bullying roles,the bully-victims is a high-risk group for detecting psychotic-like experiences,and targeted preventive measures should be carried out according to different types and roles of bullying.更多还原