【作者】 张文静；

【导师】 芦恒；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 社会工作硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 作为困境儿童类别之一,近年来事实孤儿的生存问题受到社会各界的广泛关注。根据相关研究表明,事实孤儿是儿童中最为脆弱的一类儿童群体。由于原生家庭的不完整,甚至父母负面行为的存在导致该类儿童的心理健康状况不容乐观,存在多种心理健康问题,包括情绪管理障碍、人际交往能力低下、社会适应能力差等等,这些心理问题不仅导致事实孤儿的日常生活受到影响,更严重者甚至可能会出现反社会的不良行为,对于事实孤儿健康成长以及社会的稳定发展都存在一定隐患。其中,自我效能感低下便是事实孤儿典型的心理问题之一,过低的自我效能导致事实孤儿群体普遍存在缺乏自信心、自我评价消极负面、学业效能低下且无明确人生目标,欠缺社会交往能力。自我效能感作为个体健康成长必不可少的特质,对于事实孤儿的成长具有重要作用。对于事实孤儿而言,良好的自我效能感可以有效帮助其完善自我认知,增强自我认同感,促使其更加有勇气、有能力去面对成长中遇到的各种困境,从而更好地实现健康成长。因此,本研究选择以生活在救助站内的9名事实孤儿作为主要研究对象,借助量化评估以及质性研究明确其所存在的自我效能感问题,最终实现事实孤儿自我效能感显著提升的小组目标。小组服务活动以自我效能感理论为指导,采用小组工作进行介入,利用自我效能感四大影响来源作为小组活动设计依据,从亲历成功经验、替代性经验以及言语说服和情绪、生理状态四大方面展开设计,共分为8次小组活动,帮助小组成员在小组活动中建立正向自我认知,获取亲历成功经验,并在小组成员们的鼓励支持下不断肯定自我优势,引导小组成员增强人际交往的能力,在小组互动中搭建小组支持网络,帮助小组成员实现自我效能感的提升。经过8次小组活动,借助问卷、访谈以及量表测量展开前后测评估,根据量表数据以及访谈资料可以显示:小组介入后,组员的自我效能感得到明显提升。因此,可以得出以自我效能理论为指导开展的小组介入服务活动可以有效提升事实孤儿自我效能感的结论。最后,反思研究不足并从三大层面上针对事实孤儿群体自我效能的提升给出优化建议:个体层面上,注重自我意识引导,增强自我认同;管理层面上,优化管理模式,关注儿童心理发展;学校层面上,实施鼓励教育,引导建立正向自我认知,为后续相关研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the categories of children in distress,the survival of de facto orphans has been widely concerned by all walks of life in recent years.According to relevant research,facto orphans are the most vulnerable group of children.Due to the incompleteness of the family of origin,and even the existence of negative behaviours of parents,the mental health status of such children is not optimistic,and there are a variety of mental health problems,including emotional management disorders,low interpersonal communication ability,poor social adaptability,etc.These psychological problems not only lead to the daily life of de facto orphans.The impact,more serious people may even have anti-social bad behaviours,which has certain hidden dangers for the healthy growth of orphans and the stable development of society.Among them,low self-efficacy is one of the typical psychological problems of facto orphans.Low self-efficacy leads to a general lack of self-confidence,negative self-evaluation,low academic performance and no clear life goals,and lack of social communication ability in the group.As an essential trait for the healthy growth of individuals,self-efficacy plays an important role in the growth of facto orphans.For de facto orphans,a good sense of self-efficacy can effectively help them improve their self-perception,enhance their sense of self-identity,and make them more courageous and capable to face all kinds of difficulties encountered in growth,so as to better achieve healthy growth.Therefore,this study chose 9 de facto orphans living in the rescue station as the main research object,clarified the self-efficacy problems with the help of quantitative evaluation and qualitative research,and finally achieved the group goal of significantly improving the self-efficacy of de facto orphans.The group service activities are guided by the theory of self-efficacy,use group work to intervene,and use the four major impact sources of self-efficacy as the basis for the design of group activities.The design is carried out from the four aspects of successful experience,alternative experience,verbal persuasion,emotion,and physiological state.It is divided into 8 group activities Help group members establish positive self-knowledge in group activities,gain successful experience,and constantly affirm their self-advantages with the encouragement and support of group members,guide group members to enhance their interpersonal skills,build a group support network in group interaction,and help group members improve their sense of self-efficacy.After 8group activities,with the help of questionnaires,interviews and scale measurements to carry out pre-and post-test evaluation,according to the scale data and interview data,it can be shown that after the group intervenes,the team members’ sense of self-efficacy has been significantly improved.Therefore,it can be concluded that group intervention service activities guided by self-efficacy theory can effectively improve the self-efficacy of de facto orphans.Finally,reflect on the lack of research and give optimisation suggestions for the improvement of self-efficacy of factual orphans from three levels: at the individual level,pay attention to self-aware guidance and enhance self-identification;at the management level,optimise the management mode and pay attention to children’s psychological development;at the school level,implement encouraging education and Provide reference for self-awareness and follow-up related research.更多还原