【作者】 李阳；

【导师】 林海曦；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 新闻与传播硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 工业文明的发展带来一系列社会风险。在科学技术飞速发展的同时我们头顶悬着的“达摩克利斯之剑”非但没有放下,反而越悬越高。大众媒体的报道是传递科技风险信息的重要渠道。因而本研究的主要目的是深入探究媒体对人工智能风险议题的总体建构特征。本研究运用社会建构主义作为理论基础,并结合风险的社会放大模式,通过对新闻框架和话语进行分析的方法对人工智能风险议题的建构形式及其内容进行探索。研究的主要目的一方面是为了了解人工智能风险议题建构在媒体中是否表现出风险的社会放大特征,另一方面旨在分析人工智能风险议题的框架和话语建构特点。媒介环境则选择了国内受众广泛、影响力深广的澎湃新闻网作为研究对象。在对新闻框架进行总体分析的过程中,本研究将其细化为两个主要方面:风险议题框架和新闻通用框架。研究得出,除了风险事态议题之外,澎湃新闻网更倾向于采用风险调控议题框架,关注风险仲裁方在规制人工智能风险问题上做出的积极响应和有力措施。相比较而言,对于风险反思框架运用较少,即对于风险的各方争议和冲突关注度较低。澎湃新闻网有关人工智能风险的报道对新闻通用框架的选择主要集中于使用的是责任和道德框架。并且其采用的新闻通用框架之间互相搭配的情况较少,框架使用较为单一。本文还从议题注意周期的角度出发,对人工智能风险议题进行阶段性划分。并对人工智能风险报道的风险议题框架与新闻通用框架数量高低起伏的变化进行分析,观察其使用的框架类型是否呈现相应的差异。研究发现当媒体报道数量增多或者风险事件升级时,具有冲突争议的风险议题框架会增多。但新闻通用框架中争议性强的框架在这个过程中并未呈现出明显的数量趋势变化。这进一步说明媒介风险报道中,风险议题的发展是影响媒介对风险事件关注的要素,但科技风险报道中媒体采用的新闻报道手法则相对稳定。因此,从风险传播的角度看,人工智能风险议题的周期变化符合风险的社会放大特征。最后结合社会建构主义中对于议题建构和话语分析的因素来看,澎湃新闻网在探讨人工智能风险的由来时,其话语内容方面将风险来源主要归于科技自身属性和资本的外在力量;风险特征方面体现为风险具有的“迷思”效果和“未来已来”的特点;话语修辞方式采用了科学性的认称方式和“威胁”“灾难”修辞习语。当讨论风险治理和责任时,内容方面旨在强调各方在风险治理中的不同责任主体的矛盾、分歧和合作,从而更好地实现风险调控的目标;话语修辞方面采取了科学性、政治性的认称风格,修辞习语方面采用了“权力修辞”“缺乏理性修辞”。另外,从风险认称过程来看,澎湃新闻网所呈现的人工智能风险图景,伴随媒介注意的上升和下降,都发生了内容的转化,从单纯的科技问题逐渐转变为安全、道德和政治等复杂的深层次社会问题。针对以上对于澎湃新闻网人工智能风险议题建构的特征进行梳理,本研究得出澎湃新闻网在建构科技风险议题中展现出来的价值和启示。价值方面,首先是对风险信息的传递上,澎湃新闻网具有的全球化视角有助于帮助受众形成看待风险的全景视角;在对风险议题的建构方面,澎湃新闻网侧重风险调控议题的使用,有利于明确风险责任主体,营造一种互信互重的社会氛围。对于其需要改进的地方本文从风险议题建构方面提出一些可供参考的建议。从议题建构路径的角度来说,媒体要兼顾工具理性与社会理性,对于不同的风险路径采取不同的议题和信源选择;从建构形式方面来说,要聚合框架类型,多角度、多样化叙述有关科技的风险信息;对于议题内容方面,媒体要聚焦“社会性”二重维度,注重报道“深度”和“广度”;在公众参与方面,可以扩展路径促进公共议题决策的民主化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of industrial civilization has brought a series of social risks.With the rapid development of science and technology,the "sword of Damocles" hanging above our heads is not only not down,but also hanging higher and higher.Mass media coverage is an important channel for transmitting scientific and technological risk information.Therefore,the main purpose of this study is to deeply explore the overall construction characteristics of media on AI risk issues.This study uses social constructivism as the theoretical basis,and combines the social expansion theory and framework analysis theory of risk.Through empirical research on news framework and discourse analysis,it deeply explores the construction form and content of AI risk issues.The main purpose of the study is,on the one hand,to understand whether AI risk issues exhibit the social expansion characteristics of risk in the media,and,on the other hand,to analyze the construction process of AI risk issues.The media environment has chosen The paper.cn with a wide audience and profound influence in China as the research object.During the overall analysis of the news framework,this study has divided it into two main aspects: the risk issue framework and the general news framework.Research has shown that,in addition to the issue of risk situations,The paper.cn is more inclined to adopt a framework for risk regulation issues,and more inclined to focus on the positive response and relevant policy formulation and adjustment made by risk arbiters on the governance of AI risks.However,compared to the risk reflection framework,it is less used,that is,it pays less attention to disputes and conflicts between parties involved in risks.The report on the risks of artificial intelligence technology in surging news focuses mainly on the use of responsibility and ethical frameworks in the selection of a common framework for news.In addition,there are fewer cases where the general news frameworks used by The paper.cn are compatible with each other,so the use of frameworks is relatively single.This article also analyzes the fluctuations in the number of risk topic frameworks used in AI risk reporting and general news frameworks from the perspective of topic attention cycles,and observes whether there are corresponding differences in the types of frameworks used.The study found that when the number of media reports increases or risk events escalate,the risk issue framework with conflict disputes increases.However,the highly controversial framework in the general news framework has not shown significant quantitative trend changes in this process.This further demonstrates that in media risk reporting,the development of risk topic frameworks is a factor that affects media attention to risk events,but the news reporting techniques used by the media in technology risk reporting are relatively stable.Therefore,from the perspective of risk propagation,the cyclical changes in AI risk issues are consistent with the social expansion characteristics of risk.Finally,considering the factors of topic construction in social constructivism,when discussing the origin of AI risks,The paper.cn attributed the sources of risks mainly to the attributes of technology itself and the external forces of capital;The risk characteristics are reflected in the "myth" effect and the "future has come" characteristics of risk.When discussing risk governance and responsibility,the purpose is to emphasize the contradictions,differences,and cooperation among different responsible parties in risk governance,so as to better achieve the goal of risk regulation.In addition,from the perspective of the risk recognition process,the risk landscape of artificial intelligence presented by The paper.cn,along with the rise and fall of media attention,has undergone a transformation of content,gradually transforming from simple scientific issues to complex and deep-seated social issues such as social,economic,moral,and political issues.Based on the above analysis of the characteristics of the construction of AI risk issues in The paper.cn,this study concludes that the value thinking displayed by The paper.cn in the construction of AI risk issues is,first of all,in the transmission of risk information,the global perspective of The paper.cn helps the audience form a panoramic perspective on risk;In terms of the construction of risk issues,The paper.cn focuses on the use of risk control issues,which is conducive to clarifying the subject of risk responsibility and creating a social atmosphere of mutual trust and mutual respect.The purpose of this article is to provide some reference suggestions on the construction of risk issues where they need to be improved.From the perspective of topic construction path,media should consider both technical rationality and social rationality,and adopt different topic and message source options for different risk paths;In terms of the form of topic construction,it is necessary to aggregate the types of frameworks,and narrate the risk information related to technology from multiple perspectives and diversification;Regarding the content of the topic,the media should focus on the dual dimensions of "sociality",focusing on the "depth" and "breadth" of the report;Finally,we should pay attention to the multiple collision of issues and perspectives,and use the risk reflection framework to create a rational expression space for risk issues.更多还原