【作者】 张贺；

【导师】 马雪松；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,党中央、国务院始终将教育发展摆在优先发展地位。党的二十大报告指出要加快建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国。2021年,“十四五”规划指出要加大力度建设高质量教育体系,到2035年建成教育强国,同时也标志着教育大建设时代的到来,是教育系统结构改革发展的机遇期。普通高中教育是九年制义务教育的成果阶段,并为进一步继续教育打下坚实基础,在整个教育过程中起承上启下的作用。伴随着我国经济的腾飞式发展,城市化水平迅速提高,人民对于教育的需求也日益增长。然而普通公立高中教育资源之间的差距却没有明显缩小,间接地造成了一定的社会问题与矛盾,一定程度上制约了教育事业的发展。因此,为推动普通高中教育优质均衡发展,切实解决教育资源配置合理化、公平化的问题日益迫切。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010～2020)》中指出:“基础教育均衡发展是一项战略性的艰巨任务,健全基础教育资源均衡发展机制,推进义务教育资源配置的均衡发展,不断提高义务教育质量,切实缩小区域与区域之间、学校与学校之间的差异,率先实现县(区)域内均衡发展,进而实现全国均衡发展。”由此看来,基于现在已经取得的成就,探索新道路,缩小地区、城乡间的教育差距,提升教育资源配置效率,缩小教育差距,已然成为了现如今发展的当务之急。榆树市是东北非省会城市,虽然基础性教育已有长足发展,地区性教育公平状况显著提升,但是地区性教育公共设施、师资构成和教育理念仍然有差距,甚至还有进一步加剧的趋势,所以人们重点关注的问题仍然是教育的公平性问题。本文结合教育公平理论以及对我国教育政策的探索,运用文献分析法、问卷调查法对榆树市普通公立高中教育资源配置的现状进行全面分析。研究表明,在政策方面,目前榆树市普通公立高中教育资源配置主要存在评价机制构建不完善、优质教育资源供给不足、人才引进政策稀缺的问题。在硬件资源配置方面,存在差异性较大、教育经费投入严重不足和教育硬件资源闲置等问题。在教师队伍建设方面,存在优质教师队伍建设与普通公立高中教育发展的不协调、优质教师供给不足等问题。为解决上述问题,首先,未来榆树市政府应增加教育投入,强化政府统筹,促进资源的有效流动,特别是加强人力资源补给,进一步提升教育资源的配置效率。其次,提高数字化资源供给水平,实现教育资源扁平化,建立健全教育扶贫机制,优化普通公立高中教育资源配置。最后,优化教师人力资源管理机制,增加教师轮岗与流动,提升农村教师的整体水平,建立绩效考评机制,通过合理的激励政策,激活教师内生动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the CPC Central Committee and The State Council have always given priority to education development.In the report of the 20 th CPC National Congress,it points out that we should speed up the building of a powerful country in education,science,technology and human resources.In 2021,the 14 th Five-Year Plan calls for greater efforts to build a high-quality education system and will have built China into an education powerhouse by 2035,which also marks the arrival of an era of great education construction and an opportunity for structural reform and development of the education system.The regular public senior high school education is the result of the nine-year compulsory education,which has not laid a solid foundation for further education and plays a connecting role in the whole process of education.Along with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the rapid rise of urbanization level,people’s demand for education is growing day by day.However,the gap between regular public high school education resources has not been narrowed,which indirectly causes certain social problems and contradictions and restricts the development of education to a certain extent.Therefore,in order to promote the high quality and balanced development of senior high school education,it is increasingly urgent to solve the problem of rationalization and fairness in the allocation of educational resources.The Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)points out that: “The balanced development of basic education is a strategic and arduous task.We should improve the balanced development mechanism of basic education resources,promote the balanced development of the allocation of compulsory education resources,constantly improve the quality of compulsory education,effectively narrow the differences between regions and schools,and take the lead in realizing the balanced development within the county(district),and then realize the balanced development of the whole country.”Therefore,based on current achievements,it has become a pressing task for development to explore new ways to narrow the education gap between regions and between urban and rural areas,improve the efficiency of resource allocation and narrow the education gap.Yushu City is not the provincial capital of the three northeast provinces of China.Although basic education has made great progress and regional educational equity has been significantly improved,there are still gaps in regional educational public facilities,composition of teachers and educational concepts.Therefore,the issue of educational equity is still the focus of people’s attention.Combining the theory of educational equity and the exploration of our education policy,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of the allocation of educational resources in regular public high schools in Yushu city by literature analysis and questionnaire survey.The research shows that,there are some problems in the allocation of high school education resources in Yushu City in terms of policy,such as imperfect construction of evaluation mechanism,insufficient supply of high-quality education resources and scarce policy of talent introduction.There are some problems in the hardware resource allocation,such as large gaps,serious shortage of educational funds and idle educational hardware resources.There are some problems in the construction of teacher team,such as the incongruity between the construction of resource teacher team,the development of high school education and the shortage of quality teachers.First of all,in order to solve the above problems,the Yushu City government should increase its investment in education,strengthen government coordination,promote the effective flow of resources,especially strengthen the supply of human resources,and further improve the allocation efficiency of educational resources.Secondly,improve the supply level of digital resources,realize the flattening of educational resources,establish and improve the mechanism of poverty alleviation through education,and optimize the allocation of high school educational resources.Finally,optimize the human resource management mechanism of teachers,increase the rotation and mobility of teachers,improve the overall level of rural teachers,establish a performance evaluation mechanism,and activate the endogenous motivation of teachers through reasonable incentive policies.更多还原