【作者】 刘晓雪；

【导师】 杨雪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 人口学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 人才的培养离不开教育,在教育方面,家庭是除政府外最关键的参与者。为了减少家庭的教育成本,从2006年到2008年,国家依次在西部农村,东部和中部农村,全国城市地区实行“两免一补”政策,该政策基本推行了免费的义务教育,减少了家庭的教育成本。但是近年来,在义务教育阶段家庭的教育成本中,校外教育支出占有很大的比重,家庭教育成本构成开始发生变化,深入了解影响家庭教育成本的因素可以更加清晰的了解家庭的教育决策。本文利用中国统计年鉴数据,人口普查数据以及全国教育经费执行情况统计报告动态描述了义务教育阶段学生数量和教育经费的变化情况,同时利用2018年家庭追踪调查数据对义务教育阶段的家庭教育成本情况进行分类描述,为了进一步探讨义务教育阶段家庭教育成本的影响因素,本文选取校内教育支出,校外教育支出和总教育支出作为因变量,从个人特征,家庭特征选取自变量做进一步的回归分析,为了进一步验证实证结果的准确性,选用替换变量和模型的方法对实证结果做稳健性检验,得到的结果与主回归基本相同,考虑家庭教育成本的影响因素是否会在地区间存在差异,对东中西部地区进行异质性检验后,发现部分影响因素在地区间存在差异。通过建立OLS回归模型进行分析后,得到了以下结论:在家庭特征方面,家庭收入对各方面教育支出都有着显著的正向影响;父母的受教育程度对校外教育支出也有着显著的正影响,母亲的影响更为显著;父母对子女的教育期望,在家庭教育总支出和校外教育支出方面有着显著的影响;子女数量对校外教育支出和家庭教育总支出有着显著的负影响。在个人特征方面,城镇家庭与农村家庭在教育支出方面具有显著的差别,在校外教育支出方面尤其明显,城镇家庭在校外教育支出方面的投入明显高于农村家庭;性别对家庭教育成本投入的影响在总教育支出上无显著差异,不存在性别歧视现象,在校外教育支出方面女生的支出高于男生;初中阶段的家庭教育成本高于小学阶段。本文在最后根据实证结果得出的结论在社会、学校和家庭三个层面提出了相关的建议,希望对减轻家庭的教育成本有所帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultivation of talents is depended on education and families are the most critical participants besides the government.In order to reduce the family’s education costs,from 2006 to 2008,the country successively implemented the "two exemptions,one subsidy" policy in the western rural areas,eastern and central rural areas,and urban areas across the country.Basically,it implemented a free education policy and reduced the family’s educational costs.However,in recent years,out-of-school education costs have accounted for a large share of families’ education costs,especially during compulsory education,and the composition of family education costs has begun to change.Therefore,an in-depth understanding of the factors that affect family education costs can provide a clearer analysis of family education decisions.We use data from the China Statistical Yearbook,the census data,and the statistical report on the implementation of national education funds to dynamically describes the changes in the number of students and education funding at the compulsory education level in China.It can be seen that the number of students in compulsory education and the state investment in education in recent years.At the same time,the data of family tracking survey in 2018 is used to classify and describe the family education cost in the compulsory education stage.We want to figure out the factors that influence the cost of family education at the compulsory education stage,this paper selects expenditure on school education,costs on out-of-school education and total costs on education.Expenditure is used as the dependent variable,and independent variables are selected from personal characteristics and family characteristics for further regression analysis.To further test the accuracy of the results,the method of replacing variables and models is chosen to do robustness tests on the empirical results,the robust test shows as same as the main regression,considering whether the influencing factors of family education cost will vary by region,and conduct a heterogeneity test for the eastern,central and western regions.After the analysis by establishing the OLS regression model,the following conclusions were drawn: in terms of family factors,family income causes positive impact on all aspects of education expenditure;parents’ education level also has a significant positive effect on the cost of out-of-school education,with mothers having a more significant effect;parents’ expectations of their children’s education have a significant impact on total household education expenditure and out-of-school education expenditure;the number of children had a significant negative impact on out-of-school education expenditures and household education costs.On the factor of personal characteristics,urban and rural families have many differences on education expenditure,especially in out-of-school education expenditures,and urban families’ investment in out-of-school education expenditures is significantly higher than that of rural families;the impact of gender on family education costs,there is no significant difference in the effect of gender on household education cost investment in total education expenditure and there is no gender discrimination.On out-of-school education spending,girls spend more than boys on out-of-school education;family education costs more in grammar school than in primary school.At the end of this paper,based on the empirical findings,recommendations are made at three levels of government,school and family,hoping to help reduce the family’s education costs.更多还原