【作者】 李哲；

【导师】 孙伟；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国外马克思主义研究， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 爱德华·帕尔默·汤普森(Edward·Palmer·Thompson,1924-1993)是英国著名的马克思主义历史学家、英国第一代新左派运动主要代表人物。汤普森的工人阶级形成理论借鉴了马克思主义阶级理论,同时又吸收英国民族文化传统,具有独特的理论内涵。但汤普森把阶级的应用范围向前资本主义社会推进了,把阶级的概念与资本主义制度脱离开来谈,这是与马克思主义最大的不同。汤普森工人阶级形成理论形成于世界冷战背景和英国国际地位下降,国内工人阶级阶级意识淡化的形势之下。在新左派运动中,汤普森坚持对英国工人阶级的形成历史进行了研究。汤普森在其工人阶级形成理论重新解读了阶级和文化,同时依托著作《英国工人阶级的形成》和《共有的习惯》阐述了英国工人阶级的形成过程和因素。汤普森工人阶级形成理论的创新点在于探究了英国工人阶级的平民文化基因和民族传统,在文化维度解读了英国工人阶级的形成。汤普森认为英国工人阶级的阶级斗争是先于其本身的形成,早在工业革命之前的18世纪中后期,英国的工人阶级已经在英国传统家长制的习惯法的影响下开始了阶级斗争,并且通过不断的斗争形成了成熟的阶级意识,然后阶级也就形成了。因此,汤普森的工人阶级形成理论主要集中于英国工人阶级形成的文化传统。汤普森立足于英国实际,回应了英国工人阶级是否还具有革命性的时代问题,在文化维度方面丰富了马克思主义阶级形成理论,拓宽了工人阶级形成理论的研究视角。对于我们研究发达资本主义国家的工人阶级形成史和工人阶级形成理论具有很重要的理论价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Edward Palmer Thompson(1924-1993)is a famous British Marxist historian and the main representative of the first generation of New Left Movement in Britain.In his youth,Thompson joined the British Communist Party under the influence of his elder brother.The formation of his thoughts was positively influenced by the British "Communist Historian Group".Although he quit the British Communist Party in 1956,he has always adhered to the relevant research of Marxist theory.Thompson’s theory of the formation of the working class inherits Marxist class theory,and at the same time absorbs the British national cultural tradition,which has a unique theoretical connotation.During the period of the New Left Movement in Britain,Thompson focused his theoretical research on the history of the formation of the working class in Britain and made certain achievements.Through research and academic argumentation,Thompson still adheres to the dominant position of the British working class in the British Revolution,while also expressing sympathy for the tragic life experiences of the British working class and adhering to his original intention to speak up for the working class.But Thompson pushed the scope of class application forward to capitalist society,separating the concept of class from the capitalist system,which is the biggest difference from Marxism.Thompson’s theory of the formation of the working class was formed in the context of the World Cold War and the decline of Britain’s international status,as well as the weakening of domestic working class consciousness.In the New Left Movement,Thompson insisted on studying the history of the formation of the British working class.Thompson reinterpreted class and culture in his theory of working class formation,while relying on his works "The Formation of the British Working Class" and "Shared Habits" to elaborate on the process and factors of the formation of the British working class.The innovation of Thompson’s theory on the formation of the working class lies in exploring the common cultural genes and national traditions of the British working class,and interpreting the formation of the British working class from a cultural perspective.Thompson believed that the class struggle of the British working class predated its own formation.As early as the mid to late 18 th century before the Industrial Revolution,the British working class had already begun class struggle under the influence of traditional patriarchal customary law in England,and through continuous struggle,it formed a mature class consciousness,and then class was formed.Therefore,Thompson’s theory on the formation of the working class mainly focuses on the cultural traditions of the formation of the British working class.Thompson,based on the reality of Britain,responded to the question of whether the British working class is still revolutionary,enriched the Marxist theory of class formation in the cultural dimension,and widened the research perspective of the theory of working class formation.Due to the limitations of Thompson’s academic research,there are corresponding theoretical limitations in his theory of the formation of the working class,but it is of great theoretical value for us to study the history of the formation of the working class in developed capitalist countries and explore the historical role of the working class in our country.更多还原