【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 谢慧；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着城镇化进程加快,经济体制从计划经济向市场经济的快速转型,当前中国的社会结构也发生了从传统社会向现代社会的全面变迁。这种由经济体制与社会结构双重转型而推动的社会多元化进程,表现为价值多元、社会主体多元、需求多元、社会矛盾多元等复合进程。为了使民间纠纷得到更加有效的解决,非诉调解机制已经驶向“快车道”,但这并不意味它不存在问题,反而在新的社会结构与纠纷特点下,非诉调解机制的运行存在操之过急的现象,导致在非诉调解过程中存在解纷主体忽略当事人之间的协商、调解人员调解方法使用不当以及非诉调解机制内部衔接不通畅等问题。在非诉调解机制的热潮中,其中行政机关、人民调解委员会、基层法院应当承当什么样的角色、在调解过程中使用什么样的方法与技巧、如何才能实现多元主体在非诉调解过程中的有效“衔接”,进而实现非诉调解机制的长期有效性发展,这些都是当前城镇化进程中非诉调解机制完善时需要解决的问题。本文除了前言和结语以外一共分为五章。第一章,城镇化快速发展对非诉调解机制的影响。随着城镇化进程的加快,非诉解纷的特点不同于传统社会,传统社会调解所处的社会结构发生了变化,国家秩序与乡村秩序并存、多重规范快速形成、身份认同发生变化、社会信任机制发生变化。与此相随的是传统社会调解所面对的纠纷特点也发生变化,情理法诉求的综合性、纠纷内容的复合性、纠纷性质的易升级性。由此,城镇化进程对非诉调解机制提出了调解主体应具有更专业的调解方法、非诉调解机制运行应更加高效以及非诉调解机制运行应当具备更加完善的体系等要求。第二章,城镇化进程中非诉调解机制的运行现状。多元纠纷解决机制主要是解纷主体的多元,根据解纷主体将非诉调解机制分为行政调解纠纷、人民调解组织调解纠纷和法院诉前调解纠纷,并观察三者在天津市D区的运行现状,包括解纷特点、调解过程以及调解方法。第三章,城镇化背景下非诉调解机制存在的共性问题。通过对各个非诉调解方式运行现状的分析,归纳总结出非诉调解机制存在以下的问题:一是当事人地位较被动;二是“强行”调解话语较频繁,具体表现为行政调解调解中“威逼利诱”的话语较频繁和在法院诉前调解中当事人处分自由与法官强行调解的界限模糊;三是纠纷解决过程的“衔接”较弱,主要表现在:纠纷过程中各主体之间的动态协作并未真正形成以及纠纷解决过程中信息的互通性较弱;四是非诉调解过程中民间力量的作用不明显。第四章,完善非诉调解机制的借鉴。一方面是对中国古代社会民间调解纠纷的借鉴,纵观中国古代社会调解机制的运行,我们可以发现,在有限的社会自治环境下,民间调解对纠纷的解决具有积极意义。另一方面对“枫桥经验”的借鉴,新乡贤参与非诉调解、非诉调解过程需要坚持沟通协商理念以及“三调联动”的非诉调解工作机制。第五章,完善城镇化进程中非诉调解机制的理念与方法。首先,应当完善非诉调解机制的模式与理念,采取差异化模式,建立以“商谈原则”为基础的非诉解纷理念,来保障当事人的自主地位,以及增强非诉调解机制的民间性。其次,应当优化非诉调解机制中的调解方法,既要明确纠纷解决过程中主次矛盾,又要构建科学的调解方法。通过提升解纷技巧既可以弥补解纷主体缺乏的权威,又可以使调解方法技巧化,避免“强行”调解的语言。再次建立非诉调解衔接机制的信息互通制度,即以发生的纠纷为主体,将纠纷从解纷主体接手处理开始到纠纷的最终解决过程中所涉及的信息进行全程登记,包括纠纷解决过程中所涉及的当事人、事实、证据以及解纷主体的衔接等。该制度的加入可以促进非诉调解衔接机制,使案件流转速度和化解效率明显提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid transformation of economic system from planned economy to market economy,the current social structure of China has also undergone a comprehensive change from traditional society to modern society.The process of social pluralism promoted by the dual transformation of economic system and social structure is manifested as multiple process of value pluralism,social subject pluralism,demand pluralism and social contradiction pluralism.In order to solve civil disputes more effectively,the non-litigation mediation mechanism has entered the "fast lane",but this does not mean that it does not have problems.On the contrary,under the new social structure and the characteristics of disputes,the operation of the non-litigation mediation mechanism is too hasty.As a result,there are some problems in the process of non-litigation mediation,such as the main body of dispute resolution ignoring the negotiation between the parties,the improper use of mediation methods by mediators and the internal cohesion of non-litigation mediation mechanism.In the upsurge of non-litigation mediation mechanism,what roles should administrative organs,people’s mediation committee and grassroots courts assume,what methods and skills should be used in the process of mediation,and how to achieve the effective "connection" of multiple subjects in the process of non-litigation mediation,so as to realize the long-term effective development of non-litigation mediation mechanism.These are the problems that need to be solved when the non-litigation mediation mechanism is perfected in the current process of urbanization.In addition to the preface and conclusion,this thesis is divided into five chapters.Chapter one,the impact of rapid urbanization on the non-litigation mediation mechanism.With the acceleration of urbanization,the characteristics of non litigation dispute resolution are different from traditional society,the social structure of traditional social mediation has changed,with the coexistence of national order and rural order,the rapid formation of multiple norms,the change of identity,and the change of social trust mechanism.Along with this,the characteristics of disputes faced by the traditional social mediation have also changed,such as the comprehensiveness of the appeal of the law of reason,the complexity of the content of disputes,and the easy escalation of the nature of disputes.Therefore,the urbanization process puts forward the requirements for the non-litigation mediation mechanism,such as the mediation subject should have more professional mediation methods,the operation of the non-litigation mediation mechanism should be more efficient and the operation of the non-litigation mediation mechanism should have a more perfect system.Chapter two,the operation status of the non-litigation mediation mechanism in the process of urbanization.The multivariate dispute resolution mechanism is mainly the diversity of dispute resolution subjects.According to the subject of dispute resolution,the non-litigation mediation mechanism is divided into dispute mediation by police stations,dispute mediation by people’s mediation organizations and dispute mediation by courts before litigation.The operating status of the three mechanisms in District D of Tianjin is observed,including the characteristics of dispute resolution,mediation process and mediation methods.Chapter three,the common problems of non-litigation mediation mechanism in the background of urbanization.The non-litigation mediation mechanism has the following problems: first,the status of the parties is passive;Second,the discourse of "forced" mediation is more frequent,which is manifested in the discourse of "coercion and inducement" is more frequent in the mediation of police station,and the boundary between the parties’ freedom of disposition and the judge’s forced mediation is blurred in the court’s pre-litigation mediation.Third,the "connection" of the dispute resolution process is weak,which is mainly manifested in:the dynamic cooperation between the parties in the dispute process is not really formed and the information interoperability in the dispute resolution process is weak;Fourth,the role of civil forces in the process of non-litigation mediation is not obvious.Chapter four,improve the non-litigation mediation mechanism for reference.The first is the reference of civil mediation disputes in China’s regulated society.Looking at the operation of the mediation mechanism in ancient China,we can find that civil mediation has positive significance to the settlement of disputes under the environment of limited social autonomy.The second is to learn from the "Fengqiao experience".Xinxiangxian’s participation in non-litigation mediation and non-litigation mediation process needs to adhere to the concept of communication and consultation and the "three-tone linkage" non-litigation mediation working mechanism.Chapter five,improve the idea and method of non-litigation mediation mechanism in the process of urbanization.First of all,we should improve the mode and concept of non-litigation mediation mechanism,adopt a differentiated mode,and establish the concept of non-litigation dispute resolution based on the "negotiation principle",so as to protect the independent status of the parties and enhance the civil character of the non-litigation mediation mechanism.Secondly,we should optimize the mediation methods in the non-litigation mediation mechanism,not only to clarify the primary and secondary contradictions in the process of dispute resolution,but also to build scientific mediation methods.By improving dispute resolution skills,we can not only make up for the lack of authority of dispute resolution subjects,but also make mediation methods more skillful and avoid the language of "forced" mediation.The second is to establish an information exchange system of non-litigation mediation connection mechanism,that is,to take the disputes as the main body and register the information involved in the whole process of disputes from the dispute resolution subject to the final resolution,including the parties involved in the dispute resolution process,facts,evidence and connection of the dispute resolution subject.The addition of this system can promote the connection mechanism of non-litigation mediation and improve the speed of case circulation and resolution efficiency.更多还原