敬畏感对道德伪善的影响：本真性的调节作用

【作者】 张静；

【导师】 赵欢欢；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 应用心理学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 道德伪善是指个体在判断自己和他人的不道德行为时采取不同的标准,即对自己的标准比较宽松而对他人则比较严苛。道德伪善是一种不真实的、利己的道德,它使我们的道德认知与实践行为相背离,无论对个人的身心健康还是社会的和谐美好发展而言都是不利的。因此有必要探究道德伪善的影响因素和干预措施。敬畏感作为一种复杂的自我超越的情绪,可能在降低道德伪善方面起着重要作用。根据“保护因子-保护因子模型”,本真性作为一种保护因素,可能在敬畏感对道德伪善的影响中起调节作用。从敬畏感角度出发探讨道德伪善的影响因素及其干预措施,可以丰富道德伪善领域和敬畏感领域的新内容,有助于减少社会中的道德伪善行为,加强道德建设。因此,本研究重点考察了敬畏感对道德伪善的影响及本真性在其中起到的调节作用。本研究通过四项实验研究探索敬畏感与道德伪善的关系以及本真性在其中所起的调节作用:研究一采用2(情绪启动:敬畏组/控制组)×2(判断对象:自我/他人)的被试间设计。招募209名有效被试,通过回忆书写任务,对自变量敬畏感进行启动操纵,并采用道德情境判断范式来测量道德伪善,初步探究敬畏感对道德伪善的影响。结果表明,与中性情绪相比,敬畏感能够显著负向预测道德伪善。研究二采用3(情绪启动:敬畏组/自豪组/控制组)×2(判断对象:自我/他人)的被试间设计。招募235名有效被试,通过回忆书写任务启动被试的三种情绪状态(敬畏情绪/自豪情绪/中性情绪),并采用本真性量表测量被试的本真性水平,进一步探讨敬畏感对道德伪善的影响及本真性在其中所起的调节作用。结果表明,与中性情绪和自豪情绪相比,敬畏感可以显著负向预测道德伪善,且本真性调节了敬畏感与道德伪善之间的关系。研究三采用3(情绪启动:物理性敬畏组/社会性敬畏组/控制组)×2(判断对象:自我/他人)的被试间设计。招募221名有效被试,通过视频启动法操纵启动不同诱发源的敬畏感(物理性敬畏/社会性敬畏),并采用本真性量表测量被试的本真性水平,考察不同诱发源的敬畏感(物理性敬畏/社会性敬畏)对道德伪善的影响以及本真性的调节作用。结果表明,不同诱发源的敬畏感(物理性敬畏/社会性敬畏)都可以负向预测道德伪善,且本真性调节了敬畏感对道德伪善的影响。研究四采用3(情绪启动:积极敬畏组/消极敬畏组/控制组)×2(判断对象:自我/他人)的被试间设计。招募204名有效被试,通过视频启动法操纵启动不同效价的敬畏感(积极敬畏/消极敬畏),并采用本真性量表测量被试的本真性水平,考察不同效价的敬畏感(积极敬畏/消极敬畏)对道德伪善的影响以及本真性的调节作用。结果表明,不同效价的敬畏感(积极敬畏/消极敬畏)都可以负向预测道德伪善,且本真性调节了敬畏感对道德伪善的影响。综上所述,本研究得到如下结论:(1)敬畏感对道德伪善具有显著的负向预测作用;(2)不同诱发源的敬畏感(物理性敬畏/社会性敬畏)都对道德伪善具有负向预测作用;(3)不同效价的敬畏感(积极敬畏/消极敬畏)都对道德伪善具有负向预测作用;(4)本真性在敬畏感对道德伪善的负向预测作用中起调节作用。具体而言,对于低本真性水平的被试,敬畏感能够显著负向预测道德伪善;对于高本真性的被试,敬畏感对道德伪善的负向预测作用不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Moral hypocrisy refers to judge others more harshly for moral transgressions than they do themselves,which called a “double standard”.This type of hypocrisy occurs at the interpersonal level.Such double moral standards are indicative of moral hypocrisy as an inauthentic,self-serving morality,which makes individuals’ moral cognition and practice deviate from each other and is unfavorable to both personal physical and mental health and harmonious development of society.Therefore,exploring the influencing factors and intervention measures of moral hypocrisy is vital.Awe—a complex and self-transcendence emotion—may play an important role in attenuating moral hypocrisy.In additional,authenticity,may be a protective factor to moderate the effect of awe on moral hypocrisy.Exploring moral hypocrisy and its intervention measures from the perspective of awe is able to enrich the field of moral hypocrisy and awe traits of new content,help to reduce hypocrisy behaviors in the society,and then strengthen moral construction.Therefore,this study mainly explored the influence of awe on moral hypocrisy and the moderating role of authenticity in it.Four sub-studies were used to explore the relationship between awe and moral hypocrisy and the moderating role of authenticity in present study.Study 1 recruited 209 participants and the experiment was based on a between-subjects design of 2(emotional activation: awe vs.neutral)× 2(target:oneself vs.other people).We experimentally induced awe and control states by having participants recall a prototypical experience of a target emotion.The study measured the judgment score of moral transgressions by oneself or others as the dependent variable.The findings revealed that awe had a significant negative impact on moral hypocrisy in comparison to neutral emotions.Study 2 recruited 235 participants and the experiment was based on a between-subjects design of 3(emotional activation: awe vs.proud vs.neutral)× 2(target: oneself vs.other people)between-subjects design.We experimentally induced awe and control states by having participants recall a prototypical experience of a target emotion.The findings revealed that awe had a significant negative impact on moral hypocrisy in comparison to the proud and neutral emotions and authenticity play a moderating role between awe and moral hypocrisy.Study 3 recruited 221 participants and the experiment was based on a between-subjects design of 3(emotional activation: natural awe condition vs.social awe condition vs.neutral)× 2(target: oneself vs.other people)between-subjects design.We asked participants to expose to awe-inspiring stimuli by watching video,which was a different method to control awe level.The results demonstrated that both natural awe and social awe have a significant negative impact on moral hypocrisy compared to the neutral and authenticity play a moderating role between the two types of awe and moral hypocrisy.Study 4 recruited 204 participants and the experiment was based on a between-subjects design of 3(emotional activation: positive awe vs.negative awe vs.neutral)× 2(target: oneself vs.other people).Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions,corresponding each to a specific video clip: positive awe,negative awe and neutral.The findings revealed that both positive awe and negative awe had a significant negative impact on moral hypocrisy in comparison to the neutral emotions and authenticity play a moderating role between the two.To sum up,the conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Awe significantly negatively predicts moral hypocrisy.(2)Both positive awe and negative awe are significantly negative predictor of moral hypocrisy.(3)Both positive awe and negative awe are significantly negative predictor of moral hypocrisy.(4)Authenticity plays a moderating role between the awe and moral hypocrisy.更多还原