【作者】 刘阳；

【导师】 林仲轩；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 新闻传播学 传播学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 在“互联网+”与数字平台经济崛起的背景下,数字平台逐渐成为经济配置和社会控制的重要力量,催生了新的生产方式、劳动结构、平台积累与资本增殖方式,但是新的劳动生产与监管、劳动权益以及劳动者的能动性等问题也随之而来。基于虚拟民族志(包括参与式观察)与深度访谈的研究方法,本研究以“平台—消费者—劳动者”的多元分析框架,以游戏陪练平台“比心”为案例研究,主要聚焦两个核心问题:一是平台与消费者在对游戏陪练师的劳动控制与监督中起到了怎样的角色?二是面对平台与消费者的多元控制,游戏陪练师如何与平台和消费者进行博弈,形塑了怎样的劳动?研究发现,一方面,由于陪练平台的特性,平台无法真正介入到陪练师的劳动情境,因此,平台加强源头环节的控制,对陪练师进行“霸道”式控制,规避出现违规违法交易行为;同时为了提升劳动者积极性,进行“激发”式控制陪练师,差异化、游戏化地管理劳动者,此外,平台还接合消费者,间接介入劳动情境,对劳动者施行“共谋”式的控制,就这样,形成了以平台与消费者为主体的,对陪练师的“霸道”式、“激发”式和“共谋”式的多元控制机制。另一方面,消费者不仅可以与平台“共谋”,还可以与劳动者“共谋”,使得“平台—消费者—劳动者”的关系出现变动,其带来的张力为陪练师个人自主提供了可能性:陪练师在劳动中使用情绪劳动与关系经营,以获取更多订单与好评,或是自发进行情感劳动,激发工作热情;此外,陪练师还发展出“下返”、“刷单”和“养号”以及双向选择、“偷奸耍滑”甚至“弄虚作假”等一套与平台和消费者博弈的能动性策略。本文揭示了游戏陪练产业的内在运行机制及其催生的劳动控制新特点,以及陪练平台劳动者的主体意识觉醒、获得有限主体性与进行个体抗争,对情感劳动进行了语境化的拓展;同时,本文揭示了平台监管机制存在漏洞与盲区,带来了负面影响,这启示我们在数字平台经济时代,完善治理体系和提升治理能力是平台面临的重要考题,数字平台应当加强自治,加大监管力度,建立完善、长效的监管体系,规范平台使用者行为,积极承担社会责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the rise of "Internet plus" and digital platform economy,digital platform has gradually become an important force for economic allocation and social control,giving birth to new modes of production,labor structure,platform accumulation and capital multiplication,opening a new engine for economic development and injecting a heart booster into the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure.But new problems of labor production,labor supervision and labor rights and interests have followed.Therefore,the new form of platform’s control over workers and the new way of game between workers and platforms have gradually become the focus of academic attention.Based on virtual ethnography(including self ethnography)and research method of depth interview,this study "platform,consumers,workers" multivariate analysis framework,with the game to practice platform "than the heart" as the case study,mainly focus on two core issues: first,what roles do platforms and consumers play in the labor control and supervision of game trainers? Second,in the face of the multiple control of the platform and consumers,how do game trainers play games with the platform and consumers,and what kind of work do they do?The research finds that,on the one hand,due to the characteristics of the training platform,the platform cannot really intervene in the labor situation of the training partner,and there is a certain blind spot in supervision.Therefore,the platform strengthens the control of the source link,conducts "domineering" control over the training partner,and avoids illegal transactions.At the same time,in order to improve the enthusiasm of workers,the platform controls the trainers in the way of "stimulation",that is,differentiation and gamification management.In addition,the platform also engages consumers,indirectly intervenes in the labor situation,and implements "collusion" control over workers.In this way,the platform and consumers as the main body,The multiple control mechanism of "domineering","stimulating" and "collusion" for sparring masters.On the other hand,consumers can not only conspire with the platform,but also with the workers,which changes the relationship between the platform,consumers and workers.The tension brought by this changes the possibility of individual autonomy for sparring instructors: Trainers use emotional labor and relationship management in labor to obtain more orders and praise,or spontaneously carry out emotional labor to stimulate work enthusiasm;In addition,trainers have also developed a set of dynamic strategies for gaming with platforms and consumers,such as "downward return","brushing" and "breeding",as well as two-way selection,"cheating" and even "cheating".This paper reveals the inner operating mechanism of the game sparring industry and the new characteristics of labor control it has spawned,as well as the subjective consciousness awakening of the sparring platform workers,the acquisition of limited subjectivity and individual resistance,and the contextual expansion of emotional labor.At the same time,this paper reveals that there are loopholes and blind spots in the platform supervision mechanism,which are taken advantage of by relatively flexible consumers and workers,weakening or even rendering the supervision of the platform ineffective,bringing certain negative impacts on the society.This suggests that in the era of digital platform economy,improving governance system and enhancing governance capacity is an important question for platforms.Digital platforms should strengthen autonomy,strengthen supervision,establish a sound and long-term supervision system,regulate the behavior of platform users,and actively assume social responsibilities.更多还原