【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 郑丹丹；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 社会学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 农村小学是我国教育事业最基础的环节,在普及知识、传承乡土文化中发挥重要作用。但随着国家政策和村庄社会变革,农村小学从嵌入走向悬浮,组织功能不断弱化。农村小学作为教育性组织缺乏资源自我生产能力,必须依赖于其他主体的资源供给,在这个过程中国家和村庄作为最主要的资源供给方对农村小学发展产生了重要影响,通过对三者之间资源交换关系的分析,比较农村小学在何种资源依赖关系中能更好发挥组织功能。本研究以资源依赖理论为切入点,以鄂西北T小学为调查个案,通过半结构式访谈、参与式观察、文献法等方式搜集资料,探究国家和村庄资源供给的变化对农村小学与国家、村庄关系的影响。笔者发现,梳理农村小学的资源获取方式,可以将农村小学的发展过程分为三个阶段:建国初期到税费改革之前,是村庄主导的资源供给,农村小学与村庄间是合作型依附关系,农村小学对村庄强依附、国家弱依附,农村小学嵌入到村庄的结构和关系;税费改革后,是国家主导的资源供给,农村小学与国家间是支配型依附关系,农村小学对国家强依附,村庄对农村小学弱依附,农村小学在村庄趋于悬浮;精准扶贫和乡村振兴时期,是国家-村庄主导的资源供给,农村小学对国家强依附、对村庄依附关系增强,农村小学在村庄中的悬浮状况得到改善。基于以上结论,本文提出在解决农村小学悬浮困境时,需要以国家资源供给为主导,同时增强村庄资源供给责任,实现国家和村庄对农村小学的双重责任约束。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural primary schools are the most basic part of China’s education,playing an important role in popularizing knowledge and inheriting local culture.However,with the national policy and village social reform,rural primary schools from embedded to suspended,the organizational function has been weakening.As an educational organization,rural primary school lacks self-productive capacity of resources,must depend on other resources supply subject,country and village as the most important resources in the process of suppliers had important influence on its development,through the analysis of the resource exchange relationship among the three subjects,it can be concluded that the rural primary schools can play a better organizational function in which resource dependence relationship.This study takes the resource dependence theory as the breakthrough point,takes T Primary School in northwest Hubei as the investigation case,collects data by means of semi-structured interview,participatory observation and literature method,and explores the influence of changes in the country and village resource supply on the relationship between rural primary schools and country and village.The author finds that the development process of rural primary schools can be divided into three stages by sorting out the way of resource acquisition of rural primary schools.From the early period of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the reform of taxes and fees,resource supply was dominated by villages,rural primary schools and villages had a cooperative attachment relationship,rural primary schools were strongly attached to villages and weakly attached to the country,rural primary schools are embedded in village structures and relationships.After the reform of taxes and fees,rural primary schools were dominated by country’s resource supply,the relationship between rural primary school and country is dominated,rural primary schools were strongly attached to the country,villages were weakly attached to rural primary schools,rural primary schools tend to hover in villages.During the period of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,the supply of resources was dominated by the country-village,rural primary schools were strongly attached to the country and strengthened their attachment to village,and their suspension in the village was improved.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes that in solving the suspension dilemma of rural primary schools,it is necessary to take the country’s resource supply as the leading role,and strengthen the responsibility of village’s resource supply at the same time,so as to realize the dual responsibility constraints of country and village to rural primary schools.更多还原