【作者】 张乾；

【导师】 姚崇； 张光伟；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 柴油机电控系统通过传感器监测各部件的运行工况,配合ECU、执行器控制柴油机的燃油喷雾与燃烧来降低排放污染。传统的低速柴油机测控系统采用有线传感器网络获取工况参数。有线网络传输的模拟信号易受电气设备的影响,数据传输的可靠性低于无线网络传输的数字信号。随着测控系统更加智能化,监测节点增多,有线线缆需求数量和价格也随之增加,系统布线成本明显提高。同时,有线传感器网络新节点的增加需重新布线,网络拓展性差,并且常见的无线通信技术传输距离有限,均无法满足低速柴油机测控系统的要求。近年来出现的新型无线通信技术Lo Ra,具有远距离、低功耗和低成本的优点。将Lo Ra技术应用于低速柴油机测控系统传感器网络中能够有效降低成本,提高数据传输的可靠性和网络的拓展性。因此,本文设计了一种基于Lo Ra的低速柴油机测控系统。首先介绍低速柴油机测控系统的功能以及低速柴油机测控系统及其传感器网络的研究现状。对低速柴油机测控系统技术需求进行分析,研究有线传感器网络弊端和无线传感器网络的优势。基于传感器网络的要求,分析能够满足系统要求的传输技术。同时,研究测控系统整体架构和总体方案。分析低速柴油机测控系统的无线技术理论和Lo Ra无线模块的工作模式,对时分多址协议进行研究。根据低速柴油机测控系统的功能进行系统的硬件平台设计。对包括终端传感器、Lo Ra模块和微处理器等终端节点的硬件电路进行设计。对包括无线Wi-Fi模块和LCD显示模块等网关节点的硬件电路进行设计。最后对射频模块PCB电路进行设计。根据设计的系统硬件平台进行软件设计。对终端采集节点和ESP8266模块的通信模式进行设计,对终端采集程序、射频模块数据收发程序以及Wi-Fi模块数据收发程序进行设计,最后对远程监控平台进行设计。对设计的低速柴油机测控系统进行实验与测试。分别对Lo Ra模块传输距离、系统组网、通信质量和功耗等通信性能进行测试。完成测控系统远程监控功能的测试。通过测试结果表明,本文设计的低速柴油机测控系统能够实现远程数据传输和远程监控。相较于以往的低速柴油机测控系统传感器网络,本文设计的无线传感器网络能够有效降低设计成本和系统功耗,提高数据传输距离和可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The diesel engine electronic control system monitors the operating conditions of various components through sensors,and cooperates with ECU and actuator to control the fuel spray and combustion of the diesel engine to reduce emission pollution.The traditional low-speed diesel engine measurement and control system uses a wired sensor network to obtain operating conditions parameters.Analog signals transmitted through wired networks are susceptible to the influence of electrical equipment,and the reliability of data transmission is lower than that of digital signals transmitted through wireless networks.As the measurement and control system becomes more intelligent and the number of monitoring nodes increases,the demand for and price of wired cables also increase,resulting in a significant increase in system wiring costs.At the same time,the addition of new nodes in wired sensor networks requires rewiring,resulting in poor network scalability and limited transmission distance of common wireless communication technologies,which cannot meet the requirements of low-speed diesel engine measurement and control systems.The new wireless communication technology Lo Ra that has emerged in recent years has the advantages of long-distance,low power consumption,and low cost.Applying Lo Ra technology to the sensor network of low-speed diesel engine measurement and control system can effectively reduce costs,improve the reliability of data transmission,and expand the network.Therefore,this article designs a Lo Ra based low speed diesel engine measurement and control system.Firstly,introducing the functions of the low speed diesel engine measurement and control system,as well as the research status of the low speed diesel engine measurement and control system and its sensor network.The technical requirements of low speed diesel engine measurement and control system are analyzed,and the disadvantages of wired sensor network and the advantages of wireless sensor network are studied.Based on the requirements of sensor networks,analyze the transmission technologies that can meet the system requirements.At the same time,study the overall architecture and solution of the measurement and control system.The wireless technology theory of low-speed diesel engine measurement and control system and the working mode of Lo Ra wireless module are analyzed,and the time division multiple access protocol is studied.Designing the hardware platform of the system based on the functions of the low-speed diesel engine measurement and control system.Design hardware circuits for terminal nodes including terminal sensors,Lo Ra modules,and microprocessors.Design hardware circuits for network nodes,including wireless Wi Fi modules and LCD display modules.Finally,design the terminal RF module PCB circuit.Design software implementation based on the designed system hardware platform.Design the communication mode between the terminal acquisition node and the ESP8266 module,and design the terminal acquisition program,RF module data transmission program,and Wi Fi module data transmission program.Finally,design the remote monitoring platform.Conducting experiments and tests on the designed low-speed diesel engine measurement and control system.Test the communication performance of the Lo Ra module,including transmission distance,system networking,communication quality,and power consumption.Complete the testing of system monitoring display function.The test results indicate that the low speed diesel engine measurement and control system can achieve remote data transmission and monitoring.Compared with the previous sensor network of low-speed diesel engine measurement and control system,the wireless sensor network designed in this paper can effectively reduce the design cost and system power consumption,and improve the data transmission distance and reliability.更多还原