【作者】 王璐；

【导师】 李杨；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 “名称类”作品元素指的是作品名称、作品中的虚构主体名称、虚构客体名称等作品中的标识性元素。作品元素商品化一般是指,未经作品权利人的同意,在广告或销售等商业活动中使用他人作品元素的行为。一般包括两类:一类是将作品元素注册为商标;另一类是在商品或者服务的外观上使用作品元素以提升相关商品或者服务的吸引力。不正当的商业利用会引发侵权法律后果,作品元素的过度保护则会对创作自由、市场竞争自由构成妨害。当前司法实践中对“名称类”作品元素商品化权益的定位尚未形成定论。研究“名称类”作品元素的商品化法律保护模式,目的在于合理解决商品化趋势下的利益分配问题,既维护商品化权人应享有的财产权益,同时也避免由于保护商品化权而忽视对公共利益的保护,在公平的法律环境下促进社会文化经济发展。第一章以“葵花宝典”案为切入点,通过案例分析引出“名称类”作品元素在司法保护中的困惑和矛盾之处,最高院《关于审理商标授权确权行政案件若干问题的规定》(以下简称《规定》)第22条第2款搭建起了“名称类”作品元素商品化权益司法保护的框架。然而,该条文在保护要件的设置仍有不明确之处,需要加以澄清。第二章梳理商品化权益的历史沿革,分析商品化行为特点和客体共性,为“名称类”作品元素商品化权益作出定义。并进一步探讨了该权益保护的正当性基础,劳动价值论、激励理论和禁止搭便车理论都存在一定缺陷,应该以避免市场混淆理论为正当性依据。第三章分析了目前对“名称类”作品元素商品化权益性质的误解,“名称类”作品元素不是著作权保护客体,其商品化权益不是著作权衍生利益,应该在避免市场混淆的正当性基础上将“名称类”作品元素商品化权益定位于商业标识性权益。第四章以商业标识性权益保护为中心,厘清适用反不正当竞争法保护的条件,对“经营者”和“竞争关系”进行扩大解释,并提出对“名称类”作品元素商品化权益的一些限制,同时完善《规定》对“名称类”作品元素的保护要件,以遏制当前我国商标抢注现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Name-class" work elements refer to the title of the work,the names of fictional subject,the names of fictional object,and other identifying elements in the work.The merchandising of work elements generally refers to the use of elements of another person’s work in commercial activities such as advertising or sales without the consent of the owner of the right of the work.There are generally two categories:one is the registration of work elements as trademarks;The other is the use of work elements on the appearance of the goods or services to enhance the attraction of the goods or services.Improper commercial exploitation will lead to legal infringement consequences,and excessive protection for the work elements will constitute an obstruction to the freedom of creation and market competition.The prevailing view in the current judiciary is unclear about the nature of the merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements.The purpose of studying the legal protection mode of merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements is to reasonably solve the problem of benefit distribution under the trend of commercialization,not only to safeguard the intellectual achievements that the merchandising right owner should enjoy,but also to avoid neglecting the protection of public interests due to the protection of merchandising rights and interests,and to promote socio-cultural economic development in a fair legal environment.The first chapter takes the "Kuihuabaodian" case as the starting point to raise the issue of the protection of"name-class" work elements by case studying.The Supreme People’s Court enacted the Provision on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Cases on the Authorization and Confirmation of Trademark(hereinafter referred to as the Provision),and of which the Article 22,Paragraph 2 states the protection rule of the merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements.However,there is still some ambiguity in the setting of protection requirements in this provision,which needed to be clarified.Chapter 2 analyzes the characteristics of merchandising behavior and the commonality of objects by combing the historical evolution of the merchandising rights and interests,and defines the merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements.It also discusses the basis for the legitimacy of the protection of the merchandising rights and interests,and the labor theory,incentive theory and prohibition of free rider theory all have certain defects,which should be used as the basis for legitimacy that theory of avoiding market confusion.Chapter 3 analyzes the current misunderstanding of the nature of the merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements,which are not the object of copyright protection,and are not derivative benefits of copyright,and the merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements should be positioned as commercial identification rights and interests on the basis of avoiding market confusion.Chapter Ⅳ focusing on commercial identification rights and interests,clarifies the conditions for the application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,expands the interpretation of "business operators" and "competitive relationships",and puts forward some restrictions on the merchandising rights and interests of "name-class" work elements,and at the same time improves the protection requirements for "name-class" work elements in the Provisions,so as to curb the current phenomenon of trademark squatting in China.更多还原