【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 高海虹；

【作者基本信息】 济南大学 ， 社会学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 教育是实现阶层跃升最有效也最重要的途径,家庭教育投入是影响儿童学业成绩的重要因素。相较于其他阶层,中产阶层自身身份的不稳固、素质教育应试化、“影子教育”的盛行和不断加剧的教育分流使其更加关注子女教育,在家庭教育投入方面表现出极大热情。然而家庭教育投入虽然为学生与家长提供了“弯道超车”的机会,但同时出现了家庭教育投入发展失衡、投资理念与目标偏移的问题,加重学生与家长负担。而且,不同阶层家庭教育投入差异,导致子女个性化教育获得的差异以及学生个人发展差异,重塑教育不平等。因此,开展对中产阶层家庭教育投入对学业成绩影响的相关研究,对于理解“双减”出台的必要性及重要性、帮助中产阶层家长理性决策具有重要意义。本文使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018数据,选取10-15岁的中产阶层家庭儿童作为研究对象,基于文化再生产理论及家庭资本理论,采用回归分析实证研究义务教育阶段中产阶层家庭教育投入对学业成绩的影响并探讨其影响是否存在中产阶层内部差异,进而验证中产阶层家庭教育投入对教育平等的影响,得出以下主要结论:第一,阶层对家庭经济投入及家庭文化投入有显著积极影响。但对中产阶层而言,家庭社会投入具有阶层共性。第二,中产阶层家庭文化投入部分变量及社会投入部分变量对学业成绩有显著积极影响。具体表现为,参加辅导班、请家教、常与孩子谈学校的事及为孩子学习放弃娱乐,皆对学业成绩有显著影响。参加辅导班会使学业成绩提高,请家教会使学业成绩下降,与孩子谈学校的事的频次越高,学业成绩越高,而为孩子学习放弃娱乐的频次越高,学业成绩反而会降低。第三,对中下阶层家庭的学生来说,增加学校教育费用有利于提高学业成绩,为孩子学习放弃娱乐,反而会导致学业成绩降低。对中间阶层家庭的学生来说,参加辅导班有利于提高学业成绩,请家教反而使学业成绩降低。对中上阶层家庭的学生来说,家庭教育投入对学业成绩的提高没有显著性影响。第四,学校教育费用及请家教对学业成绩的显著性影响,在中产阶层内部存在阶层差异。第五,父母教育期望对学业成绩的显著影响以及课外辅导费对学业成绩的显著性影响已被证实,但是本文发现,对中产阶层家庭的学生而言,父母教育期望及课外辅导费对学业成绩的显著性影响并不存在。基于上述发现,本文从家庭、学校及国家层面提出相关建议,以期能够帮助中产阶层家长明确家庭教育投入对学业成绩的影响,更加理解“双减”政策的必要性与重要性,理性决定家庭教育投入。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education is the most effective and important way to achieve class leap,and family education investment is an important factor affecting children’s academic performance.Compared to other classes,the unstable identity of the middle class,the examination-oriented quality education,the prevalence of "shadow education",and the increasing educational diversion make them pay more attention to children’s education,and show great enthusiasm in investing in family education.However,although family education investment provides students and parents with the opportunity to overtake on a curve,it also presents problems of imbalanced development of family education investment,deviation of investment concepts and goals,increasing the burden on students and parents.Moreover,differences in educational investment among families of different social classes lead to differences in personalized education for children and individual development differences among students,reshaping educational inequality.Therefore,conducting relevant research on the impact of education investment on academic performance by middle-class families is of great significance for understanding the necessity and importance of implementing the "double reduction" policy and helping middle-class parents make rational decisions.This paper uses the 2018 data of the China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS),selects children from middle class families aged 10-15 as the research object,and based on the cultural reproduction theory and the family capital theory,uses regression analysis to empirically study the impact of middle class family education investment on academic performance in the compulsory education stage,and discusses whether there are internal differences in the middle class in its impact,and then verifies the impact of middle class family education investment on education equality,The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,social class has a significant positive impact on family economic and cultural investment.But for the middle class,family social investment has class commonalities.Secondly,the cultural and social input variables of middle-class families have a significant positive impact on academic performance.Specifically,attending tutoring classes,hiring tutors,frequently discussing school matters with children,and giving up entertainment for children’s learning all have a significant impact on academic performance.Participating in tutoring classes can improve academic performance,while seeking tutoring can lead to a decrease in academic performance.The higher the frequency of discussing school matters with children,the higher their academic performance.The higher the frequency of giving up entertainment for children’s learning,the lower their academic performance.Thirdly,for students from lower middle class families,increasing school education costs is beneficial for improving academic performance,abandoning entertainment for their children’s learning,and ultimately leading to a decrease in academic performance.For students from middle class families,attending tutoring classes is beneficial for improving academic performance,while using tutoring can actually reduce academic performance.For students from upper middle class families,family education investment has no significant impact on the improvement of academic performance.Fourthly,there are significant differences within the middle class in the impact of school education costs and the use of tutoring on academic performance.Fifth,the significant impact of parental education expectations on academic performance and the significant impact of extracurricular tutoring fees on academic performance have been confirmed.However,this article found that for students from middle-class families,the significant impact of parental education expectations and extracurricular tutoring fees on academic performance does not exist.Based on the above findings,this article proposes relevant suggestions from the perspectives of families,schools,and the country,in order to help middle-class parents clarify the impact of family education investment on academic performance,better understand the necessity and importance of the "double reduction" policy,and rationally determine family education investment.更多还原