【作者】 王锋；

【导师】 王志刚；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 聚氨酯弹性体良好的力学性能,使得聚氨酯非常适合用于制作轮胎,尤其是承重轮胎。目前,国内使用的聚氨酯实心轮胎产品多为TDI(Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate)型聚氨酯,具有价格低廉,合成步骤简单,设备要求低等特点。但是TDI型聚氨酯实心轮胎的速度上限低,使用寿命较短,其根本问题在于TDI型聚氨酯弹性体所制造的聚氨酯实芯轮胎的动态内生热高,而聚氨酯本身的导热性较差,因此在长时间的使用下,聚氨酯实芯轮胎大量的热积聚,导致轮胎的温度不断上升,强度下降,载重能力降低,最终导致轮胎损坏。为优化TDI聚氨酯实芯轮胎的使用性能,将TDI聚氨酯与无机粒子进行复合,有效地提高了 TDI聚氨酯的拉伸强度、增大耐磨性、降低内生热、延长使用寿命。本论文主要研究内容:Ⅰ:运用化学表面工程的方法,在粒子表面,接枝硅烷偶联剂。使用氢氧化钠溶液对氧化铝进行活化,成功将KH550(γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane)接枝到粒子表面,提高粒子的表面活性,使得氧化铝在聚氨酯预聚体中的分散性和相容性明显提升。Ⅱ:将改性后的无机粒子与TDI聚氨酯复合,研究改性无机粒子的加入,对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响。TDI聚氨酯复合改性后的微米级氧化铝粒子,具有良好的拉伸强度、热稳定性,TDI聚氨酯的内生热明显降低,导热性显著提高,聚氨酯实芯轮胎使用寿命的提升了 86%;为研究无机粒子种类对TDI聚氨酯性能的影响规律,选择了粒径相同的氧化铝和二氧化硅粒子,改性方法相同,结果表明,两种粒子对TDI聚氨酯拉伸强度、内生热的影响大致相同。Ⅲ:研究不同粒径的改性氧化铝粒子,对TDI聚氨酯力学性能和使用寿命的影响。结果表明相对于微米级的氧化铝粒子,纳米氧化铝粒子在TDI聚氨酯中具有更好的相容性和分散性,可以提高聚氨酯复合材料的拉伸强度,明显降低材料内生热,行走时间增加了 178%,而微米级氧化铝经过改性后,使用寿命仅提升了 86%。本研究提供了一种简单易行的合成方法,对无机粒子进行表面修饰。通过制备TDI聚氨酯/无机粒子复合材料,降低TDI聚氨酯材料动态内生热,改善高频使用时的耐疲劳性能,显著提高了 TDI聚氨酯实芯轮胎的速度上限与使用寿命。更多还原

【Abstract】 The excellent mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers make it very suitable for making tires,especially load-bearing tires.At present,most of the polyurethane solid tire products used in China are TDI(Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate)polyurethane,which has the characteristics of low price,simple synthesis steps,and low equipment requirements.However,the TDI type polyurethane solid tire has a low upper speed limit and a short service life.The fundamental problem lies in the high dynamic internal heat generation of the polyurethane solid tire manufactured by TDI type polyurethane elastomer,while the thermal conductivity of the polyurethane itself is poor.Therefore,under long-term use,a large amount of heat accumulation in the polyurethane solid tire leads to a continuous increase in tire temperature,a decrease in strength,a decrease in load capacity,and ultimately tire damage.To optimize the performance of TDI polyurethane solid core tires,TDI polyurethane was composite with inorganic particles,effectively improving the tensile strength,increasing wear resistance,reducing internal heat generation,and extending service life of TDI polyurethane.The main research content of this paper is as follows:Ⅰ:Using chemical surface engineering methods,graft silane coupling agents onto the surface of particles.Activation of alumina using sodium hydroxide solution,successfully converting KH550(y-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane)is grafted onto the surface of particles to improve their surface activity,resulting in a significant improvement in the dispersion and compatibility of alumina in polyurethane prepolymers.Ⅱ:Composite the modified inorganic particles with TDI polyurethane,and study the effect of the addition of modified inorganic particles on the properties of polyurethane elastomers.The micrometer sized alumina particles modified by TDI polyurethane composite have good tensile strength and thermal stability.The endogenous heat of TDI polyurethane is significantly reduced,and the thermal conductivity is significantly improved.The service life of polyurethane solid core tires has been improved by 86%;To study the influence of inorganic particle types on the performance of TDI polyurethane,alumina and silica particles with the same particle size were selected,and the modification methods were the same.The results showed that the effects of the two particles on the tensile strength and endogenous heat of TDI polyurethane were roughly the same.Ⅲ:Study the effect of modified alumina particles with different particle sizes on the mechanical properties and service life of TDI polyurethane.The results indicate that compared to micrometer sized alumina particles,nano alumina particles have better compatibility and dispersibility in TDI polyurethane,which can improve the tensile strength of polyurethane composites,significantly reduce internal heat generation,and increase walking time by 178%.However,after modification,the service life of micrometer sized aluminum oxide is only increased by 86%.This study provides a simple and feasible synthesis method for surface modification of inorganic particles.By preparing TDI polyurethane/inorganic particle composite materials,the dynamic internal heat generation of TDI polyurethane materials is reduced,and the fatigue resistance during high-frequency use is improved,significantly increasing the upper speed limit and service life of TDI polyurethane solid core tires.更多还原