【作者】 孙志强；

【导师】 吕琳；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 计算机技术（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 人工鱼礁是一种经过设计的构造物,用于诱集和增殖海洋生物,是发展海洋牧场的重要设施。要实现可持续性的海洋发展,促进海洋生态建设,从渔业资源可持续性地利用以及保护生态环境的角度入手,是行之有效的方案。在《国家级海洋牧场示范区建设规划(2017—2025年)》中,农业部对发展海洋牧场进行了部署。采用3D打印技术,实现对传统造礁方式的改进,在这一背景下显得尤为迫切。采用3D打印技术,将陶泥、混凝土作为打印材料制作的人工鱼礁具有生物亲和性。利用3D打印技术,我们可以实现从数字文件的生成到具有超高复杂度的几何形状的制造,能够满足人工鱼礁发展探索中对于功能性和经济性所提出的高要求。其中,经过实验研究和生产实践验证,最为突出的功能性和经济性要求,一是单位空间内具有更高的可附着面积,即更高的空间利用率;二是结构要更为复杂,并且要提供满足海洋生物栖息和生长发育的空间。如何生成具有高空间利用率的结构,是面临的第一个挑战。而在陶泥和混凝土作为打印材料的3D打印技术中,由于材料特性的限制,具有高空间利用率的复杂结构,如何实现其可打印性,在路径规划上提出了第二个挑战。同时,内部空间的丰富性、应对海底洋流等复杂情况这两方面,也对人工鱼礁的设计提出了挑战。为应对上述挑战,本文提出了一个面向3D打印的多孔礁体结构生成系统。主要做了以下工作:1.充分比选多种结构及其数学模型,选定了具有更高空间利用率的复杂多孔连通结构,并采用规范的数学模型来进行结构生成。2.设计了具有丰富多样性的结构,实现了同一结构中多种孔径集成,为海洋生物的栖息和生长繁殖提供多样化的空间。3.针对陶泥或混凝土打印材料对结构打印路径连续性的高要求,优化了打印路径,实现了可打印性,避免材料粘滞性和结构复杂性导致的结构坍塌。4.实现了多孔连通结构的自适应变形调整,使人工鱼礁的形状可以满足海底洋流影响及海底景观建设提出的要求。本系统制备的礁体已投入海南大学/南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室的鱼礁海参养殖实验中。实验结果表明,多孔连通结构的人工礁体对于海参幼苗起到了良好的附着及保护作用,幼参的成活率提升至95%。现已将礁体投放入三亚娱支洲岛海域进一步检验其饵料附着效率。这一系统将不断更新迭代,以期为海洋牧场的建设贡献力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial fish reef is a designed structure used to trap and multiply marine organisms,and it is an important facility for the development of marine ranching.The construction of marine pastures is the key to solving the contradiction between the sustainable utilization of marine fishery resources and the protection of the ecological environment,and it is of great significance to my country’s promotion of marine economic development and the construction of marine ecological civilization.The Ministry of Agriculture organized the compilation of the "National Marine Ranching Demonstration Area Construction Plan(2017-2025)" and made deployments for the development of marine ranching.It is particularly urgent to use 3D printing technology to improve the traditional way of building reefs.Using 3D printing technology,the artificial fish reef made of clay and concrete as printing materials has bio-compatibility.3D printing technology can realize from the generation of digital files to the manufacture of highly complex geometric shapes,and can meet the high requirements for functionality and economy in the development and exploration of artificial reefs.Among them,after experimental research and production practice verification,the most prominent functional and economic requirements are,first,a higher area per unit volume for marine organisms to attach,that is,higher space utilization;second,a more structured structure.It is complex,and it is necessary to provide a space that meets the habitat,growth and development of marine organisms.How to generate structures with high space utilization is the first challenge.In the 3D printing technology of clay and concrete as printing materials,due to the limitation of material properties,how to realize the printability of complex structures with high space utilization rate poses a second challenge in path planning.At the same time,the richness of the internal space and the response to complex conditions such as submarine currents also pose challenges to the design of artificial reefs.To address the above challenges,this paper proposes a 3D printing-oriented porous reef structure generation system.Mainly did the following work:1.Fully compare and select multiple structures and their mathematical models,select a complex porous interconnected structure with higher space utilization,and use a standardized mathematical model to generate the structure.2.A structure with rich diversity is designed to realize a variety of apertures in the same structure,providing a variety of spaces for the habitat,growth and reproduction of marine organisms.3.In view of the high requirements of clay or concrete printing materials on the continuity of the structural printing path,the printing path is optimized to achieve printability and avoid structural collapse caused by material viscosity and structural complexity.4.The self-adaptive deformation adjustment of the porous interconnected structure is realized,so that the shape of the artificial reef can meet the requirements of the influence of the seabed ocean current and the construction of the seabed landscape.The reef prepared by this system has been put into the fish reef and sea cucumber breeding experiment of Hainan University/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea.The experimental results show that the artificial reef with a porous interconnected structure has played a good role in the attachment and protection of sea cucumber seedlings,and the survival rate of young sea cucumbers has increased to 95%.The reef has been put into the waters of Yuzhizhou Island in Sanya to further test its bait attachment efficiency.This system will be continuously updated and iterated in order to contribute to the construction of marine ranches.更多还原