【作者】 徐敏；

【导师】 冯俊伟；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 专门性问题与普通常识问题有显著不同,因此需要引入解决专门性问题的制度模式。目前,随着专门性问题的不断增多,现有立法以及司法实践也随之演变,在专门性问题的解决中,整体上呈现出多元专家共同参与的倾向。本文在分析专门性问题以及专门性问题解决的基本问题的基础上,梳理实践中专门性问题解决模式的变化,结合典型案例分析以及我国最新的立法及司法解释,提出完善解决专门性问题的思路,关注参与主体的权责与专门性证据这两个关键因素,在现有制度基础上形成体系化的解决模式。全文分为四个部分:第一章界定专门性问题的内涵以及各国解决专门性问题依托的专家制度。在第一节,明确专门性问题的特殊性,辨析其与普通常识性问题的不同,从而明确解决专门性问题引入鉴定等制度的必要性。在第二节,研究专门性问题解决的两个关键因素:主体的权责分配以及专门性证据的运用。第二章研究专门性问题解决的实践运行。通过归纳主体即专家参与的多元化以及相应的证据形式的变化,总结国内外专门性问题解决中立法制度的演变。在制度梳理中穿插介绍了国内外为解决专门性问题而形成的鉴定人制度、专家辅助人制度、专家陪审制度以及专家证人制度等的发展,讨论各项制度的优缺点。最后,通过分析司法实践中的总体数据,了解刑事诉讼中专门性问题的整体运行情况,并且结合典型案例,例如念斌案等,研究专门性问题的司法实践中的变革与发展。第三章讨论专门性问题解决实践运行中遇到的问题与成因。首先,从专门性问题自身以及配套制度两方面总结出专门性问题本身内涵的放大、鉴定制度的缺陷以及法官等主体存在的问题。然后,通过对专门性问题本身的特殊性以及专门性证据制度的司法实践困境进行分析,得出各类问题背后的原因。第四章是我国专门性问题解决的完善措施。主要是通过研究大陆法系与英美法系相关制度演变的经验,结合我国现有制度,提出在现有鉴定及专家辅助人等制度基础上进行完善的解决方案。首先,注重专门性问题自身的特性,在认定专门性问题以及启动鉴定、检验程序时进行必要的规制。其次,划分主体权责同时加强对专家权利的保护。最后,明确专门性证据的定位,针对鉴定意见与专家辅助人意见等设置不同的规则。更多还原

【Abstract】 The special institutional models are needed to solve specialized issues be involved,because there are significant differences between specialized issues and commonsense issues.At present,with the increasing number of specialized issues,existing legislation and judicial practice are also gradually evolving,and on the whole,there is a tendency for multiple experts to participate in court.However,there is no systematic solution.The paper comprehensively uses literature analysis,case analysis,comparative analysis,and other methods to analyze specific issues and basic issues related to specific problem-solving paths.Based on the analysis of changes in specific problem-solving models in practice,combined with typical case studies and the latest legislative and judicial interpretations in China,it proposes the idea of improving specific problem-solving paths to clarify the rights and responsibilities of participants while establishing a cohesive system.The full text is divided into four chapters.In chapter one,the paper defines the connotation of specialized problems and the expert systems relied on by countries to solve specialized problems.In the first section,the specificity of specialized problems is clarified,and their differences from common sense problems are analyzed,in order to clarify the necessity of introducing appraisal and other systems to solve specialized problems.In the second section,two key factors for solving specialized problems are studied,namely the allocation of rights and responsibilities of the subject and the application of specialized evidence.In chapter two,the paper investigates the practical operation of specialized problem solving.By summarizing the diversification of subject participation,namely expert participation,and the corresponding changes in evidence forms,this paper summarizes the evolution of legislative systems in specialized problem-solving at home and abroad.The development of identification system,expert assistant systems,expert jury systems,and expert witness systems,which have been formed to solve specialized problems at home and abroad,is introduced in the system review,and the advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed.Finally,by analyzing the overall data in judicial practice,we can understand the overall operation of specialized issues in criminal proceedings,and combine typical cases,such as the Nian Bin’s case,to study the transformation and development of specialized issues in judicial practice.In chapter three,the dissertation discusses the problems and causes encountered in the practical operation of specialized problem-solving.Firstly,summarize the amplification of the connotation of specialized issues themselves,the defects of appraisal systems,and the problems of judges and other subjects from the perspectives of specialized issues themselves and supporting systems.Then,by analyzing the particularity of the specialized issues themselves and the judicial practice difficulties of the specialized evidence system,the reasons behind various problems are identified.In chapter four,it proposes improvement measures for solving specialized problems in China.Mainly through studying the experience of the evolution of relevant systems in the continental legal system and the Anglo-American legal system,and combining with the existing systems in China,we propose solutions to improve on the basis of existing systems such as appraisal and expert assistance.Firstly,pay attention to the characteristics of specialized issues themselves,and implement necessary regulations when identifying specialized issues and initiating identification and inspection procedures.Secondly,dividing the rights and responsibilities of the subject while strengthening the protection of expert rights.Finally,clarify the positioning of specialized evidence and set different regulations for expert opinions and expert assistants’ opinions.更多还原