【作者】 王静；

【导师】 王三红；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 葡萄作为越来越受人们喜爱的水果之一,不仅具有很高的营养价值,还可以以原料制成一些备受喜爱的产品如葡萄汁、葡萄干、葡萄酒等,已日渐成为食品行业的新贵。我国南方地区由于夏季高温多雨,容易引发葡萄病虫害,以往都被认为是不利于葡萄生长。然而,随着葡萄生产技术的创新、避雨栽培技术的推广,南方地区葡萄的栽培面积也随之扩大。本次调查地隶属于江苏省徐州市新沂市,其位于江苏省北部,交通发达,地理位置优越,种植葡萄方面经验丰富,此外还有当地政府的大力扶持,使得新沂葡萄成为当地农民致富的重要途径之一。本文通过实地调查法,采用主成分分析和SWOT分析法,首先对问卷进行详细统计,然后用主成分分析法对生产资料投入成本进行概述,最后通过SWOT分析法对新沂葡萄产业进行简单的总结与分析。通过问卷调查发现:新沂葡萄种植户以男性为主,年龄大多集中在46～50岁,总体文化程度偏低;经营方式以家庭农场居多,户均种植面积2.34hm2。葡萄品种以‘巨峰’、‘夏黑’为主,占总调查面积的50.61%,栽培设施覆盖率高。大多葡萄园采取清耕或免耕栽培,果园生草等生态栽培理念还不普及。危害葡萄主要的病害为霜霉病、灰霉病、裂果等,虫害为绿盲蝽、蓟马等。防治病虫害方法以农业和化学防治为主,较少用物理和生物防治。葡萄销售以销往外地为主,贮藏保鲜能力差;近六成种植户下一步计划提升葡萄品质以增加效益。通过主成分分析发现:在生产资料投入成本中,第一主要成分中的肥料、人工和农药对投入成本影响最大。研究基于SWOT分析法对新沂市葡萄产业发展存在的优势与劣势,产业发展所面临的机会与威胁进行了剖析。新沂优越的诸多条件和发展中面临的机遇给新沂葡萄产业发展带来了契机,但因种植管理方面形成的劣势与发展过程中存在的威胁,使得其在发展中需要进行相应的调整,研究提出,加强职业农民培训、调整品种结构、建立示范基地、重视采后加工处理、打造特色品牌、加强政府对专业合作社的引导、发展休闲农业等措施,以促进新沂葡萄产业健康可持续地发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grape as one of the more and more popular fruits,not only has high nutritional value,but also can be made into some favorite popular from raw materials,such as grape juice,raisin,wine and so on,which has become a new popular in the food industry.Due to high temperature and rainy in summer in south China that cause grape prone to disease,it was considered where is unfavorable area for grape growth in the past.However,with the innovation of grape cultivation technology and the popularization of rain-shelter cultivation technology,the area of grapes has expanded to south China.The investigation place belongs to Xinyi city,Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,which is located in the north of Jiangsu Province.It has convenient transportation,superior geographical location and abundant experience in grape planting,in addition,with the strong support of the local government,Xinyi grape has become one of the important ways for local farmers to become rich.This paper adopts field questionnaire.The questionnaire is analyzed in detail and use principal component analysis to summarize the input cost of production materials.The SWOT analysis method is used to make a simple summary and analysis of Xinyi grape industry.By the analysis of the questionnaire survey,we found that the grape growers in Xinyi are dominant by men,most of whom are 46～50 years old with poorly educated levels.The main management types are mostly family farms,with an average planting area of 2.34 hm2.The main grape varieties are ’Kyoho grape’ and ’Summer Black’,accounting for 50.61 percentage of the total survey area.The rate of protected cultivation is high.Most vineyards adopt clear or no-tillage cultivation,and the ecological cultivation concept such as sod culture is not popular yet.Downy mildew,gray mold and fruit cracking are main diseases of grape,and the insect pests are green leaf bug and thrips,ect.The main measures to control diseases and insect pests are agricultural and chemical control,while physical and biological prevention and control are less used.Grape fruits are mainly sold to other remote places,but the storage and preservation ability is poor.It showed that nearly 60 percentage of growers plan to improve the quality of grapes to increase profits in the next step.It was found that among the input costs of production materials,fertilizers,labor and pesticides,which are the first major components,have the greatest impact on the input costs by the principal component analysis.Based on SWOT analysis,the advantages and disadvantages,opportunities and threats of grape industry development in Xinyi city are analyzed.The superior conditions and development opportunities in Xinyi city have brought opportunities for the development of Xinyi grape industry.However,due to the disadvantages of planting management and-the threats in the development process,corresponding adjustments should be made.Our research suggests that it is important to strengthen professional farmer training,adjust variety structure,establish demonstration base,emphasis on post-harvest processing,create famous brands,strengthen the government’s guidance of professional cooperatives,and development of leisure agriculture for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of Xinyi grape industry.更多还原