【作者】 赵健；

【导师】 王绍君；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 土木水利（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国大力提倡发展装配式建筑的政策背景下,装配式地铁车站凭借施工缝较少、施工速度快、绿色环保等优势,在地铁车站的建设中被推广开来。但是装配式地铁车站在建设过程中易受水文、地质等因素影响,在防水上面临巨大考验,其拼装缝处的橡胶密封垫成为防水环节中的关键。目前,国内外学者在橡胶密封垫的研究上大都针对单一材料,如三元乙丙或遇水膨胀橡胶,对复合材料的防水性能尚缺乏研究。本文依托东北某地铁车站工程,采用室内试验、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,对复合式密封垫的受力性能、膨胀过程和防水机理等方面进行了研究,主要工作总结如下:(1)开展了复合式密封垫的室内试验,包括体积膨胀倍率试验、闭合压缩力试验和“一”字缝防水试验,测定得到了复合式密封垫中遇水膨胀橡胶的体积膨胀率,密封垫的压缩量-压力曲线,以及不同张开量和错台量条件下的耐水压力和渗漏路径等指标。(2)以试验结果为依据,建立装配式地铁车站拼装缝处复合式密封垫防水失效的双向流固耦合模型,通过对比分析试验数据验证了有限元模型的可靠性,并且得到了耐水压力与密封垫间平均接触应力的函数关系,提出了复合式密封垫防水失效判别的统一方法,同时以平均接触应力为防水能力评价指标,在前人对三元乙丙橡胶防水机制研究的基础上,揭示了复合式密封垫的防水机理。(3)借助复合式密封垫的有限元数值模型,以平均接触应力为防水指标,对遇水膨胀橡胶的二次防水效应进行分析与描述,研究了复合式密封垫在二次防水效应下的渗漏路径、防水规律,提出截面优化准则,并对已有密封垫断面进行改进,采用“P-T-t”橡胶老化模型对密封垫使用年限内的耐水压力进行预测,为预制构件的拼装和地铁车站运营阶段的防水安全提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of China’s policy of vigorously advocating the development of prefabricated buildings,prefabricated subway stations have been popularized in the construction of subway stations due to their advantages such as fewer construction joints,fast construction speed,and environmental protection.However,the prefabricated subway station is easily affected by factors such as hydrology and geology during the construction process,and faces a huge challenge in waterproofing.The rubber sealing gasket in the assembly joint has become the key to the waterproofing process.At present,scholars at home and abroad mostly focus on single materials,such as Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer(EPDM)and water-swelling rubber(WSR),in the research of rubber gaskets,and there is still a lack of research on the waterproof performance of composite materials.Relying on a subway station project in Northeast China,this paper adopts the methods of laboratory test,theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to study the mechanical performance,expansion process and waterproof mechanism of composite sealing gaskets.The main work is summarized as follows:(1)Laboratory tests of composite sealing gaskets were carried out,including volume expansion rate test,the closed compressing force test and the joint waterproof test.The volume expansion rate of the water-swelling rubber(WSR)in the composite sealing gasket,the compression-pressure curve of the rubber gasket,the waterproof ability and the leakage path under different opening and offset conditions of joint were measured.(2)Based on the experimental results,a bidirectional fluid-solid coupling model for the waterproof failure of the composite sealing gasket at the assembly joint of prefabricated subway station was established.The accuracy of the numerical model was verified by comparative analysis of the experimental data,the relationship between the waterproof ability and the average contact stress between the sealing gaskets was obtained,and the method for judging the waterproof failure of the composite sealing gasket was proposed.At the same time,taking the average contact stress as the evaluation index of waterproof ability,based on the previous research on the waterproof mechanism of EPDM rubber,the waterproof mechanism of the composite gasket was revealed.(3)With the help of the finite element numerical model of the composite sealing gasket,the average contact stress was used as the waterproof index to analyze and describe the secondary waterproof effect of the WSR.The leakage path and waterproof law of the composite sealing gasket under the secondary waterproof effect were studied.The section optimization criterion was proposed,and the existing sealing gasket section was improved.The "P-T-t" rubber aging model was used to predict the water resistance pressure of the gasket during its service life,which can provide guidance for the assembly of prefabricated components and the waterproof safety in the operation stage of subway stations.更多还原