【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 杨月；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 力学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 红外隐身是军事目标躲避探测的重要方式。传统的隐身材料是选用在整个红外波段具有低发射率特性的金属材料,但金属材料具有热稳定性差且不易于涂装的弊端。为了解决这个问题,本文首先研究了将金属颗粒填充至高聚物的复合材料的红外隐身性能,探究复合材料红外辐射特性与载体和填充物组成、填充颗粒形状和填充体积占比之间的变化关系。同时,军事设备自发红外辐射也是散热的主要方式之一。选择性红外发射对飞行器表面涂层设计至关重要,即需要在大气窗口波段,3-5μm和8-14μm实现低发射,而在非大气窗口波段（5-8μm波段）实现高发射。本文基于薄膜干涉理论,通过构建目标发射率函数,利用人工智能算法（遗传算法）结合传递矩阵法（Transfer Matrix Method）完成多层结构中的材料选择、尺寸参数以及排列形式等参数的优化设计。最终得到了一种由三种耐高温的基本材料（Si O₂、Ti O₂和Ge）组合而成的12层薄膜结构,可以同时实现红外隐身和热管理功能。它在两个红外探测波段具有很低的发射率性质(ε_3⁵μm=0.14,ε_8¹4μm=0.21),在5-8μm波段内具有较高的发射率(ε_5⁸μm=0.86)。且当入射角从0⁰增加至60⁰时,这种红外选择性依然能够很好的维持。也通过分析不同入射波长处材料的电磁场和坡印廷矢量分布来进一步探讨薄膜实现光谱选择性发射的作用机制。最后运用Fluent和Ansys数值软件仿真分析薄膜涂覆至飞行器表面实际工况下的辐射散热、内部热传导换热和与空气对流换热,以及工作状态下由于温差造成的内部热应力和位移变化。这种同时具有红外隐身和热管理性能的多层膜材料,有望应用于高温军事目标躲避红外探测和自身热管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Infrared camouflage is an important way to avoid the detection of military targets.The traditional stealth material is the metal material with low emissivity in the whole infrared band,but the metal material also has the disadvantages of poor oxidation performance and not easy to paint.In order to solve this problem,this paper first studied the infrared stealth performance of polymer composites filled with metal particles,and then explored the infrared radiation performance of the proposed composite materail under different materials composition,different filling particles and different fill volumes.At the same time,spontaneous infrared radiation is also one of the main means to cool military equipment.Selective infrared emission is very important for aircraft surface coating design,that is,low emission in atmospheric window band（3-5μm and 8-14μm）,and high emission out of the window band（5-8μm）.Based on the thin-film interference theory and proposed target emissivity function.This paper used artificial intelligence algorithm（genetic algorithm）combined with Transfer Matrix Method to complete the optimization design of material selection,size parameters and arrangement form in multilayer structure.Finally,we obtained a12-layer structure film composed of three kinds of high-temperature resistant basic materials（Si O₂,Ti O₂and Ge）,which can have infrared stealth and thermal management functions at the same time.It has low emissivity in two infrared detection bands(ε_3⁵μm=0.14,ε_8¹4μm=0.21)and high emissivity in the 5-8μm band(ε_5⁸μm=0.86).When the incident angle increases from 0⁰to 60⁰,the infrared selectivity is still maintained.We also analyzed the electromagnetic field and poynting vector distribution at different incident wavelengths to further explore the interference mechanism of thin films to achieve spectral selective emission.Finally,the numerical software Fluent was used to simulate and analyze the radiative heat dissipation,internal heat conduction and convective heat transfer with air under the actual working condition of the film coated on the aircraft surface.The simulation software Ansys was used to analyze the internal thermal stress and displacement changes caused by the temperature difference of the stealth film under the working condition.This kind of multilayer material with infrared stealth and thermal management performance is expected to be applied to infrared detection and thermal management of high-temperature military targets.更多还原