【作者】 张悦；

【导师】 叶贵；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑业是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一,但同时又被划分为八大高危行业,数据表明,我国建筑业的安全形势非常严峻。根据事故致因理论,不安全行为是导致事故发生的主要原因,而不安全行为大多是因为个体注意力发生了衰减,因此,有必要对建筑工人的注意力进行研究。在建设项目施工现场,建筑工人注意力的一个重要影响因素是环境的光照强度。由于行业的高速发展,项目对资金回收速度的要求越来越高,从而导致夜间赶工现象较为普遍,而夜间施工多存在照明不良的情况,因此,本文聚焦于探究施工现场光照强度与建筑工人注意力的关系,将心理学相关研究应用于建筑安全领域,根据研究结论为施工现场安全管理提出科学合理的建议,以期提高安全管理绩效,减少事故的发生。首先,本文基于注意力理论和非视觉效应理论,通过文献分析和理论梳理,分析建筑工人注意力受光照强度影响的机制,从而构建光照强度、年龄、工龄对建筑工人注意力影响的理论框架,并根据理论框架提出研究假设,为后续的实证研究提供理论依据。然后,本文通过两个实证分析,对研究假设一一进行了验证。实证一是通过设计实验,搭建模拟照明实验场景,对光照强度与注意力及四大品质之间的相关关系进行量化研究。实证二是在施工项目实地进行问卷调查,不仅进一步在实践中验证了实验结果的可靠性,同时又分析了年龄工龄与光照强度和建筑工人注意力之间的关系。本文利用SPSS等统计分析软件,对数据进行统计分析,最终得到的主要结论有:(1)光照强度对建筑工人注意力以及注意力四大品质均有直接影响作用,且呈现倒U形的非线性趋势;(2)年龄对建筑工人的注意力有负向影响;(3)工龄对建筑工人注意力有正向影响;(4)年龄和工龄对光照强度与建筑工人注意力的的关系有负向调节作用。最后根据理论分析和实证分析的结论,本文对施工现场安全管理提出了针对性的建议,包括夜间减少大龄工人排班、夜间增加大工龄工人排班、改善施工现场照明条件等。本文的研究结论不仅回应了现有研究中关于光照强度与注意力关系的争议,对注意力的理论进行了丰富;而且将对注意力的研究应用到建筑安全领域,为建筑安全的研究角度进行了拓展,为项目现场安全管理提供了新的建议和思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction industry is one of the pillar industries of China’s national economy,but at the same time,it is divided into eight high-risk industries.The data show that the safety situation of China’s construction industry is very severe.According to the theory of accident cause,unsafe behavior is the main cause of accidents,and unsafe behavior is mostly due to the attenuation of individual attention.Therefore,it is necessary to study the attention of construction workers.At the construction site of a construction project,an important factor affecting the attention of construction workers is the light intensity of the environment.Due to the rapid development of the industry,project requirement for capital recovery rate is higher and higher,which may lead to a night out phenomenon is relatively common,and nighttime construction is more lighting undesirable situation,therefore,this paper focuses on the probe into the construction site light intensity and the relationship between the construction workers attention,applied psychology related research in the field of construction safety,According to the research conclusions,scientific and reasonable suggestions are put forward for the safety management of construction site in order to improve the safety management performance and reduce the occurrence of accidents.First,based on the theory of attention and non-visual effect theory,combing through the literature analysis and theory,analysis of construction workers attention mechanism affected by light intensity,so as to build the light intensity,age,length of service to the influence of construction workers attention,theoretical framework,and put forward research hypothesis,according to the theoretical framework to provide theoretical basis for the subsequent empirical research.Then,two empirical analyses are carried out to verify the research hypotheses one by one.The first demonstration is to conduct quantitative research on the correlation between light intensity and attention and the four qualities by designing experiments and setting up simulated lighting experimental scenes.In the second case,a questionnaire survey was conducted in the construction project,which not only further verified the reliability of the experimental results in practice,but also analyzed the relationship between the age of service and light intensity and attention of construction workers.In this paper,SPSS and other statistical analysis software was used for statistical analysis of the data,and the main conclusions were as follows:(1)Light intensity had a direct effect on the attention of construction workers and the four qualities of attention,and showed an inverted U-shaped non-linear trend;(2)Age has a negative influence on the attention of construction workers;(3)The length of service has a positive influence on the attention of construction workers;(4)Age and length of service have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between light intensity and attention of construction workers.Finally,according to the conclusion of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,this paper puts forward targeted suggestions for safety management of construction site,including reducing the scheduling of older workers at night,increasing the scheduling of older workers at night,improving the lighting conditions of construction site,etc.The conclusions of this paper not only respond to the existing research on the relationship between light intensity and attention,but also enrich the theory of attention.Moreover,the study of attention is applied to the field of building safety,which expands the research Angle of building safety and provides new suggestions and ideas for project site safety management.更多还原