【作者】 张瑾；

【导师】 蔡维力；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国各种社会矛盾纠纷的种类和数量逐渐增多,特别是社会基层矛盾数量激增。同时随着人们的维权意识增强,人民法院受理案件数量也呈爆发式增长。我国为了应对这一现象,提出了一系列的重要举措以积极促进纠纷多元化解决,学界与实务界提出采用诉前调解的方式将纠纷化解在诉讼前,以减轻法院的办案压力,国家也提出了一系列政策和司法解释来促进纠纷化解在诉前。最高人民法院在其发布的《最高人民法院关于深化人民法院司法体制综合配套改革的意见———人民法院第五个五年改革纲要(2019—2023)》中,首次提出了构建“诉源治理”机制,强调将纠纷化解在源头是我国接下来多元化纠纷解决机制的重要改革方向。文章通过探究诉源治理与诉前调解的关系,得出诉前调解是诉源治理的主要方式,诉源治理的构建同时也对诉前调解制度的完善提出了更高的要求,并通过分析诉前调解的现状,提出诉前调解制度的完善路径,以此来加强诉前调解对诉源治理的保障与促进作用,加快多元化纠纷解决机制的构建。文章共分为六个部分:第一部分为绪论部分,主要阐述并分析了本文的选题意义、研究目的以及研究现状。得出为充分发挥诉前调解制度的能动性,加强诉源治理机制建设,推进我国多元化纠纷解决机制的发展,有必要完善诉前调解制度。第二部分为概述部分,分析了诉源治理和诉前调解的概念,并且对两者的关系进行分析,得出诉前调解制度系诉源治理机制的重要组成部分,诉前调解的特殊性质、诉前调解的价值都回应了诉源治理机制的性质和其建设目的,诉前调解制度是诉源治理机制在司法领域的具体体现,也是诉源治理机制建设的重要手段。第三部分主要阐述了我国诉前调解制度的发展现状,分别从制度设计和司法实践两个方面进行分析。在分析制度设计现状时,文章将与诉前调解制度有关的规范性文件进行整理汇总,得出了我国诉前调解制度的大致规定。在分析司法实践现状时,选取了几个地区法院的司法实践现状汇总分析,选出重庆市和河南省作为典型地区分析我国诉前调解制度的司法实践现状及成果。第四部分主要分析了我国诉前调解制度在诉源治理背景下所面临的主要问题,我国诉前调解制度虽然存在一定的制度基础,但是尚不完备,还具有法院角色定位模糊,适用范围不明确,调解人员设置和诉前调解程序不规范以及诉调对接不够完善等问题。第五部分论述了诉前调解的域外经验,通过对比分析域外国家和地区的与诉前调解相似的制度,筛选出美国以及我国台湾地区的替代性解决纠纷制度中与诉前调解相关的制度进行分析介绍,以期对发展我国诉前调解制度提供一些参考。第六部分在前述论证的基础上,结合我国诉源治理背景、目前制度设计现状、典型地区的司法实践现状以及参考域外有益经验,对我国诉前调解制度的完善提出了一些建议。其一是完善诉前调解的法律制度规定,将诉前调解作为一个具体的程序规定在我国《民事诉讼法》中,并且明确应适用的基本原则;其二是明确我国法院在诉前调解中的地位和作用,为法院在参与诉源治理机制建设中明确地位和作用提供基础;其三是规范统一诉前调解人员的选任配置等问题;其四是综合我国司法实践现状以及域外制度经验,对诉前调解的受案范围进行合理拟定;其五规范与统一诉前调解程序的管辖、启动方式以及调解期限等问题;其六是完善诉调对接,加强对诉前调解协议的效力保障,使诉前调解的功能落到实处,将纠纷有效地化解于诉前。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the types and numbers of social conflicts and disputes have gradually increased in China,especially the number of social grassroots conflict cases.With the enhancement of people’s intention to defend their rights,the number of cases received by the people’s courts has also is increasing explosively.To solve this issue,the government of China puts forward a series of important initiatives to promote the diversified settlement of disputes.The academics and practitioners propose the use of pre-litigation mediation and resolve the disputes before litigation to reduce the pressure of court cases.The government of China also puts forward several judicial interpretations and policies to promote the settlement of disputes before litigation.In the "Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of the Judicial System of the People’s Courts-Outline of the Fifth Five-Year Reform of the People’s Courts(2019-2023)" the Supreme People’s Court proposes the construction of the "source of litigation governance" mechanism for the first time.It emphasizes that the resolution of disputes at the source can guide the reform direction of China’s next diversified dispute resolution mechanism.In this study,the relationship between source governance and pre-litigation mediation is investigated.The conclusions are shown as follows,firstly,the pre-litigation mediation is the main way of source governance.Secondly,the construction of source governance also puts forward higher requirements for the improvement of the pre-litigation mediation system at the same time.Lastly,the analysis of the current situation of pre-litigation mediation puts forward the improvement path of the pre-litigation mediation system,to strengthen the protection and promotion of pre-litigation mediation on source governance,and accelerate the construction of a diversified dispute resolution mechanism.The above analyzes are listed in six parts as follows:The first part is the introduction,which mainly elaborates on and analyzes the significance of this paper’s selection,research purpose,research method,and the current situation of research.It is concluded that to give full play to the dynamics of the pre-litigation mediation system,strengthen the construction of the governance mechanism of the source of litigation,and promote the development of China’s diversified dispute resolution mechanism,it is necessary to improve the pre-litigation mediation system.The second part is the overview part,the mediation concept,and the relationship between the two analyses,the pre-litigation mediation is an important part of the source governance mechanism.The pre-litigation mediation system is the specific embodiment of the source of governance mechanism in the judicial field and is also an important means of construction of the source of governance mechanism.The third part mainly elaborates on the development status of China’s pre-litigation mediation system,respectively,from the system design and judicial practice of two aspects of analysis.In the analysis of the current situation of the system design,the article will be related to the pre-litigation mediation system of normative documents to organize the summary and come up with the general provisions of the pre-litigation mediation system.In the analysis of the current situation of judicial practice,several regional courts were selected to summarize the current situation of judicial practice,and Chongqing and Henan Province were selected as typical areas to analyze the current situation and results of judicial practice in the pre-litigation mediation system of China.The fourth part mainly analyzes the main problems faced by the pre-litigation of the China mediation system in the context of the source of governance,the pre-litigation mediation system although there is a certain institutional basis,is still incomplete.Such as having a vague role in the court positioning,the unclear scope of application,the mediator setting and pre-litigation mediation procedures are not standardized,the docking is not perfect.The fifth part discusses the overseas experience of pre-litigation mediation,by comparing and analyzing the systems similar to pre-litigation mediation in many countries and regions in the world,screening out the alternative dispute resolution systems in the United States and Chinese Taiwan,and pre-litigation mediation related systems for analysis and introduction,to provide some reference for the development of pre-litigation mediation system of China.The sixth part of the foregoing argumentation is based on,a combination of Chinese litigation source governance background,the current system design status quo,the status quo of judicial practice in typical areas,and reference to the user experience of extraterritorial,in pre-litigation mediation system of China to improve some recommendations.One is to improve the legal system of pre-litigation mediation;the second is to clarify the status and role of China’s courts in pre-litigation mediation;the third is to standardize and unify the pre-litigation mediation staff selection and configuration and so on;the fourth is to reasonably formulate the scope of pre-litigation mediation;the fifth standardization and unification of pre-litigation mediation process of jurisdiction,start the way and mediation period;the sixth is to Improve the interface between litigation and mediation.更多还原