【作者】 杜凯；

【导师】 宋云博；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国际数字贸易这一新型贸易形态的深入发展,保障数字贸易中的数据安全日益成为世界各国关注的焦点。为此,各国在不同经济及技术水平的情况下,均试图以法律的手段,积极制定符合本国数据利益的数字贸易规则,这在一定程度促进了数字贸易的有序发展,但国家及区域规则的差异性无疑又阻碍了数字贸易进一步的发展。面对当前数字贸易规则的激烈竞争,世界各国尤其是广大发展中国家,需要在发展数字贸易与保障数据安全之间寻求平衡。长期以来,中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,一直积极致力于促进世界贸易的有序、公平、健康发展,但面临数字贸易的挑战,亦应寻找科学有效的途径去迎接。本文在数字贸易的框架下,就该新型贸易形态下所产生的数据安全问题为切入点,对现行数字贸易中保障数据安全的法律规则进行考察与思辨,从国际规制与国内规制两个方面所存在的法律问题进行了系统分析研究,进而就这些问题提出相应的完善对策。除引言和结语外,全文分为五大部分:第一部分是数字贸易中数据安全保障概述。首先,该部分介绍了数字贸易的概念和特征以及数据安全的内涵和特性;其次,该部分阐述了数字贸易与数据安全的关系;最后,该部分进一步分析了数字贸易中数据安全保障的方式及演进,强调了法律保障的必要性。第二部分是当前数字贸易中保障数据安全规则的考察与思辨。该部分试图从国内规制与国际规制两个层面进行分析,就当今世界现存的数字贸易中保障数据安全规则予以横向比较研究。其中国内规制以主要经济体为研究对象,包括以美国为代表的数据自由流动主张、以欧盟为代表的数据充分保护主张及以中国为代表的数据本地化主张,而国际规制则又细分为双边协定与区域性协定。第三部分是数字贸易中数据安全保障焦点法律问题解析及法律因应。该部主要从国际法的角度出发,分析研究了目前国际规制中存在的法律焦点问题,包括规则制定的紧迫性、法律规则的制约性、法律监管的冲突性以及法律协定的分散性这四个问题,具有一定的普遍性。其次,针对上述主要问题,该部分同时从积极推进数字贸易中数据安全保障规则的制定和融合与坚持WTO规则框架下的数字贸易多边主义,构建数据安全命运共同体两个方面,提出了数字贸易中数据安全国际法保障的应对策略。第四部分是当前我国数字贸易中数据安全保障面临的主要法律问题。在前面分析了国际规制的一系列共性问题后,该部分立足国内,着重研究我国在该领域规制中存在的主要法律问题,其中包括规则的法律价值倾向不平衡、立法体系与配套法规不健全、执法监管的组织体系不完善、参与国际法治理合作不充分这四个方面。该部分关于问题的的研究为本文最后一部分法律建议的提出确定了方向。第五部分是我国在数字贸易中依法保障数据安全的法律完善建议。主要是根据第三部分的问题研究,从法律的角度提出科学平衡数据安全规制与数字贸易发展的关系、建立健全数字贸易中数据安全保障的法律体系、有效完善数字贸易中数据安全监管的治理体系、积极参与数据安全相关国际规则和标准的制定这四个方面的完善建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the in-depth development of international digital trade,a new trade form,ensuring data security in digital trade has increasingly become the focus of attention all over the world.Therefore,under the circumstances of different economic and technological levels,all countries try to actively formulate digital trade rules in line with their own data interests by legal means,which promotes the orderly development of digital trade to a certain extent,but the differences of national and regional rules undoubtedly hinder the further development of digital trade.Facing the fierce competition of current digital trade rules,countries all over the world,especially developing countries,need to find a balance between developing digital trade and ensuring data security.For a long time,as the largest developing country in the world,China has been actively committed to promoting the orderly,fair and healthy development of world trade.However,facing the challenge of digital trade,we should also find scientific and effective ways to meet it.Under the framework of digital trade,this thesis takes the data security problems under the new trade form as the starting point,investigates and speculates on the legal rules to ensure data security in the current digital trade,systematically analyzes and studies the legal problems existing in the two aspects of international regulation and domestic regulation,and then puts forward the corresponding improvement countermeasures for these problems.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the full text is divided into five parts:The first part is an overview of data and information security in digital trade.Firstly,this part introduces the concept and characteristics of digital trade and the connotation and characteristics of data security;Secondly,this part expounds the relationship between digital trade and data security;Finally,this part further analyzes the way and evolution of data security in digital trade,that is,the evolution from technical security to legal security.The second part is the investigation and speculation of data security rules in the current digital trade.This part attempts to analyze from the two levels of domestic regulation and international regulation,and make a horizontal comparative study on the existing data security rules in digital trade in the world.Among them,national regulation takes major economies as the research object,including the free flow of data represented by the United States,the full protection of data represented by the European Union and the localization of data represented by China,while international regulation is subdivided into bilateral agreements and regional agreements.The third part is the analysis and legal response to the key legal issues of data security in digital trade.From the perspective of international law,this part has analyzed and studied the legal focus problems existing in the current international regulation,including the urgency of rule making,the restriction of legal rules,the conflict of legal supervision and the dispersion of legal agreements,which has a certain universality.Secondly,aiming at the above main problems,this part puts forward the countermeasures of data security in digital trade from two aspects: actively promoting the formulation and integration of data security rules in digital trade,adhering to digital trade multilateralism under the framework of WTO rules and building a community of data security destiny.The fourth part is the main legal problems faced by data security in China’s digital trade.After analyzing a series of common problems of international regulation,this part focuses on the main legal problems existing in China’s regulation in this field,including unbalanced legal value tendency of rules,imperfect legislative system and supporting regulations,imperfect organizational system of law enforcement and supervision,and insufficient participation in international law governance cooperation.The research on this part determines the direction for the legal proposals in the last part of this thesis.The fifth part is the legal improvement proposals to ensure data security in digital trade according to law.Mainly based on the problem research in the third part,from the perspective of law,it puts forward to scientifically balance the relationship between data security regulation and the development of digital trade,establish and improve the legal system of data security in digital trade,effectively improve the governance system of data security supervision in digital trade,actively participate in the formulation of international rules and standards related to data security.更多还原